中度嗜盐菌相容性溶质机制的研究进展  

Study progress on compatible solutes in moderately halophilic bacteria

作　　者：赵百锁[1] 杨礼富[2] 王磊[3] 卢伟东[3] 杨苏声[3] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所农业部热带作物栽培生理学重点开放实验室,儋州571737 [3]中国农业大学微生物学与免疫学系农业部农业微生物资源与应用重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《微生物学报》2007年第5期937-941,共5页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"863计划"(2003AA241150)~~

摘　　要：生活在高盐环境中的中度嗜盐菌不仅能抗衡外界的高渗透压胁迫,而且还能迅速适应短时间内的渗透冲击。为适应该环境,中度嗜盐菌依赖于一种被称为相容性溶质的物质,以执行渗透保护功能。这类物质属于极性的、易溶的和低分子量的有机化合物,其中包括糖类、氨基酸类、甜菜碱类和四氢嘧啶类等。中度嗜盐菌主要采用相容性溶质机制来适应盐环境。在此,就中度嗜盐菌的盐适应机理、相容性溶质的种类和特点,以及其作用的分子机制进行了阐述和讨论。Moderately halophilic bacteria which grow best in media with 3% to 15% salt constitute a heterogenous group of microorganisms which belong to different genera. These bacteria can inhabit the salt or soda lakes, coastal lagoons or man-made salterns. Moderately halophilc bacteria living in higher saline environments can not only cope with high osmotic stress but also adapt osmotic shock in short time. To adapt to these environments, all the species make a osmoprotection by the accumulation a restricted range of low molecular mass molecules, small, organic compatible solutes, such as sugars, amino acids, betaines and ectoines. Therefore, the osmoadaptation of moderately halophilc bacteria is regulated by the so-called ＂compatible solute＂ strategy. Compatible solutes are operationally defined as organic osmolytes that can be amassed by the cell in exceedingly high concentrations without disturbing vital cellular functions and the correct folding of proteins. As a result, compatible solutes can make important contributions to the restoration of the turgor under conditions of low water activity by counteracting the efflux of water from the cell. In addition, they have a stabilizing, both in vivo and vitro, on the native structure of proteins and cell components. This mechanism has a minimal requirement for genetic change and a high degree of flexibility in allowing moderate halophiles to adapt to saline environment. In this review, the adaptation to saline environments, the variety and characteristic of compatible solutes, and the functional mechanism of moderately halophilic bacteria are reviewed and discussed.

关 键 词：中度嗜盐菌 相容性溶质 盐适应 

分 类 号：Q935[生物学—微生物学]