木蠹象属(鞘翅目:象虫科)的种类、分布、寄主植物及潜在入侵威胁  

Species,Distribution and Host Plants of genus Pissodes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)and its Potential Invasive Threat

作　　者：吕秀霞[1] 张润志[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《林业科学》2007年第9期38-43,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30470215和J0630964/J0109);国家科技基础性平台工作专项(2005DKA21402;2006FY110500);中国科学院方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-42)资助

摘　　要：木蠹象属是以松树木蠹象为模式种建立的属,是鞘翅目、象虫科、木蠹象亚科的唯一属。该属目前已记录种类46种,29种分布于美洲,18种分布在欧洲和亚洲,其中耐猛木蠹象是美洲、欧洲和亚洲共有的种类,它分布于美洲的美国、加拿大,欧洲的俄罗斯和亚洲的日本。木蠹象属许多种类是针叶树的重要害虫,且极易通过人为携带传播扩散。有3种分布区跨越欧洲和亚洲,葛氏木蠹象分布于俄罗斯的欧洲部分、德国和瑞典,亚洲的中国、日本和俄罗斯的亚洲部分(西伯利亚);圆角木蠹象分布于俄罗斯的欧洲部分和中国;樟子松木蠹象分布于法国和中国。木蠹象属的寄主植物均为针叶树,包括5属39种,以松属为寄主植物的有26种木蠹象,以云杉属、冷杉属、落叶松属和黄杉属为寄主植物的木蠹象分别为9、5、4和1种。分布于中国的木蠹象有7种,其中粗刻点木蠹象和云南松木蠹象是特有种类,葛氏木蠹象、圆角木蠹象和樟子松木蠹象是与欧洲共有的种类,黑木蠹象、葛氏木蠹象和红木蠹象与日本共有,红木蠹象与韩国共有。分布于日本的耐猛木蠹象和瘤木蠹象、俄罗斯西伯利亚的凸眼木蠹象以及日本、俄罗斯和韩国均有发生的黄星木蠹象,以及在中国均没有分布的美洲的29种木蠹象,都属于应加强检疫的对象,防止人为携带传入我国。Pissodes Germar, 1817 belongs to Pissodinae （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） which has only one genus, with Pissodes pini as its type species. There are 46 currently-described species,29 of which distributed in America, 18 in Europe and Asia, but one specie, P. nemorensis, distributed in all these three continents including the United States of America, Canada, Russia and Japan. Most species of Pissodes are serious pest insects which could spread to other area by human activities. There are 3 species distributed in both Europe and Asia, P. gyllenhali has it＇ s distribution in Europe part of Russia, Germany, Sweden, China, Japan and Asia part of Russia （Siberia） ; P. harcyniae distributed in Europe part of Russia and China; P. validirostris distributes in France and China. Host plants of Pissodes are conifers including 39 species belong to 5 genera, i.e. Pinus, Picea, Abies, Larix and Pseudotsuga. Hosts of 26 species of Pissodes are Pinus ,6 species on Picea ,5 species on Abies ,4 species on Larix and 1 species on Pseudotsuga. Seven species of Pissodes have been recorded from China, two of them （P. punctatus and P. yunnanensis ） are only found in China, three species including P. gyllenhali, P. harcynia and P. validirostris also distributed in Europe, P. cembrae, P. gyllenhal and P. nitidus are also distributed in Japan, P. nitidus has also found in Korea. Some species such as P. nemorensis and P. galloisi from Japan, P. insignatus from Russia, P. obscurus from Japan, Korea and Russia and all species from America should be paid more attentions and need to be quarantined in order to prevent them to be introduced to China.

关 键 词：木蠹象 种类 分布 寄主 生物入侵 

分 类 号：S763.303[农业科学—森林保护学]