早产儿颅内出血的B超诊断及相关因素分析  

Clinical analysis of related factors with 2D ultrasonography diagnosis in the intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants.

作　　者：李惠明[1] 汤一贞[1] 习斌蓉[1] 刘惠茹[1] 唐文燕[1] 黄绍芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省妇幼保健院,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2007年第9期674-676,共3页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

摘　　要：目的探讨早产儿颅内出血的影响因素。方法收集2004-12—2005-05江西省妇幼保健院早产儿病例资料168例,根据颅脑B超、临床诊断结果,将其分为颅内出血组和对照组,并进行对比分析。结果(1)胎龄≤32周或体重≤1500克早产儿的颅内出血发生率均明显高于胎龄>32周或体重>1500克的早产儿(χ2=8.88,P<0.01;χ2=18.81,P<0.01)。(2)存在高危因素早产儿的颅内出血发生率明显高于无高危因素的早产儿(χ2=24.20,P<0.01);阴道分娩早产儿的颅内出血发生率明显高于剖宫产早产儿(χ2=6.69,P=0.01)。(3)窒息与无窒息早产儿的颅内出血发生率无明显差异(χ2=0.18,P>0.05)。结论胎龄越小,体重越轻,越易发生颅内出血;阴道分娩和各种高危因素均可导致早产儿颅内出血。减少早产儿、低体重儿的出生,可有效降低新生儿颅内出血的发生率和新生儿死亡率;颅脑B超可作为早产儿颅内出血的筛查、早期诊断和跟踪随访的重要检查手段。Objective To explore the effective factors of the intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Methods A total of 168 cases of head in premature infants were inspected with 2D uhrasonogTaphy for intraeranial hemorrhage from December 2004 to May 2005, and were classified into the intracranial hemorrhage group and the control group with combination of clinical diagnosis. Results （ 1 ） The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants with gestational age 32 weeks or with birth weight 1500 grams was significantly higher than that with gestational age 〉 32 weeks or with birth weight 〉 1500 grams （ X^2 =8. 88, P 〈0. 01 ;or X^2 = 18. 81, P 〈0. 01 ）. （2） The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants with high risk factors was significantly higher than that with no high risk factors （ X^2 = 24. 20, P 〈0.01 ） ; The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants with vaginal delivery was significantly higher than that with cesarean section （ X^2 = 6. 69, P = 0.01 ）. （3） The incidences of the intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants both with asphyxia and without asphyxia had no differentiation （ X^2 = 0. 18, P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The younger the premature infants are or lighter the birth weight is the higher the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage is;each high risk factor or vaginal delivery can result in intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants, and so, decreasing the birth of premature infants or of low weight newborn can effectively reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage of newborn or the mortality of newborn; the head uhrasonography is one of the important methods which may be used to make the intracranial hemorrhage of premature infants screened, diagnosed, and pursued.

关 键 词：早产儿 颅内出血 阴道分娩 窒息 B超诊断 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]