氮肥对紫色土夏玉米N_2O排放和反硝化损失的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer for maize on denitrification loss and N_2O emission in purple soil

作　　者：项虹艳[1] 朱波[1] 王玉英[1] 李侃[2] 段文霞[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 [2]四川农业大学资源与环境学院,四川雅安625014 [3]四川省农业管理干部学院,四川成都610071

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2007年第5期574-583,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2005CB121108);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40331014).

摘　　要：利用原状土柱-乙炔抑制法对不同施氮量和不同氮肥品种下紫色土种植玉米期间的N2O排放量和反硝化损失量进行测定.结果表明:①施氮处理的反硝化损失量和N2O排放量显著高于不施氮肥处理;施氮量间反硝化损失量和N2O排放量差异不显著.不施氮肥、中氮和高氮的反硝化损失量分别是4.11kg·hm-2、11.84kg·hm-2、10.02kg·hm-2,N2O排放量分别是1.29kg·hm-2、4.84kg·hm-2和4.53kg·hm-2;中氮和高氮的反硝化损失量分别占施氮量的5.16%和2.36%,N2O排放量分别占施氮量的1.3%和3.98%.②不同氮肥品种处理间的反硝化损失量和N2O排放量也有显著差异.尿素、硫酸铵、硝酸钾反硝化损失量分别为14.27kg·hm-2、10.51kg·hm-2、12.79kg·hm-2,反硝化损失占施氮量的6.61%、4.11%和5.62%;N2O排放量分别是7.15kg·hm-2、4.35kg·hm-2和4.34kg·hm-2,占施氮量的3.17%、1.30%和1.30%.施用尿素(酰胺态氮肥)的反硝化损失量和N2O排放量显著高于施用硫酸铵(铵态氮肥)和硝酸钾(硝态氮肥).③土壤中无机氮含量是影响本区土壤硝化和反硝化作用的限制因子;降雨是影响该区土壤N2O排放和反硝化损失的主要因素.④反硝化作用是紫色土夏季氮素损失的主要途径.　The intact soil core-acetylene inhibition technique was used to study the effects of N-fertilizer application rates and types on the denitrification losses and N2O emissions in a calcareous purple soil-maize crop system in the upland area of central Sichuan Basin.The results showed：i）The total N2O emissions and denitrification losses in the fertilized treatments were significantly higher than that in the unfertilized treatment.But there was no significant difference between the middle N（MN）and high N treatment（HN）.The denitrification losses were 4.11 kg·hm^-2,11.84 kg·hm^-2,10.02 kg·hm^-2 from the CK,MN and HN,respectively,and the total N losses derived from the nitrogen applied in the MN and HN were 5.16% and 2.36%.N2O emissions were 1.29 kg·hm^-2,4.84 kg·hm^-2 and 4.53 kg·hm^-2 from the CK,MN,HN,respectively,and the total N losses derived from the nitrogen applied in the MN and HN were 1.30% and 3.98%,respectively.ii）The denitrification loss and N2O emissions also had significant difference among the nitrogen types.The denitrification loss were 14.27 kg·hm^-2,10.51 kg·hm^-2,12.79 kg·hm^-2,and the total losses from the N applied were 6.61%,4.11%,and 5.62% from the CO（NH2）2,（NH4）2SO4 and KNO3,respectively.N2O emissions were 7.15 kg·hm^-2,4.35 kg·hm^-2 and 4.34 kg·hm^-2,and the total N losses were 3.17%,1.30% and 1.30%.The denitrification loss and N2O emission from the CO（NH2）2（UN）was significantly higher than that from the（NH4）2SO4（AN）and KNO3（NN）.iii）Mineral N content in soil is the limiting factor for nitrification and denitrification,and precipitation is the dominating factor influencing the denitrification loss and N2O emission.iv）Denitrification process is the main loss way of N-fertilizer during summers in calcareous purple soil.

关 键 词：紫色土 玉米 N2O排放量 反硝化损失 氮肥水平 氮肥品种 

分 类 号：S152.6[农业科学—土壤学] X51[农业科学—农业基础科学]