高州市1108例犬伤者注射人用狂犬病疫苗的免疫效果和吸烟影响  

Results of immunization of 1108 people bitten by dogs with rabies vaccine and cigaret-smoking status in Gaozhou City

作　　者：覃文武[1] 李志式[1] 

机构地区：[1]高州市疾病预防控制中心,广东高州525200

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2007年第10期1878-1878,1912,共2页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解犬伤暴露人群预防注射人用狂犬病疫苗的免疫效果，探索吸烟者对免疫效果的影响。方法对2003年1月1日-2006年11月30日就诊的犬伤者注射液体或冻干狂苗，全程免疫接种后第30d采静脉血，用酶联免疫法检出血清抗体水平，用直接询问和电话访问对免疫者进行吸烟情况调查。结果共有1108人注射狂犬病疫苗（下简称“狂苗”），狂苗抗体阳性1061人，阳性率为95．75％（1061／1108），注射液体狂苗阳性率为93．1l％，注射冻干狂苗的阳性率98．99％。两率比较有统计学意义（x^2=23．35，P〈0.01）。液体狂苗5针免疫法注射抗体阳性率91．21％和7针法阳性率98．19％比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。冻干狂苗5针免疫法抗体阳性率96．04％和7针阳性率99．74％比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。有吸烟史者347人，占31．32％，无吸烟史者占68．68％。有吸烟史者狂苗注射抗体阳性率为94．8l％，无吸烟史者抗体阳性率96．18％，两者比较无统计学意义。注射狂苗戒烟60d者抗体阳性率为95．14％，无戒烟者抗体阳性率为92．10％，两者比较无统计学意义。结论冻干狂犬疫苗的免疫效果优于液体疫苗，液体和冻干疫苗7针法均优于5针法。吸烟者和戒烟者免疫效果比较无统计学意义。Objective To assess the protective effect of human rabies vaccine on patients bitten by dogs and influence of smokers on the protective effect. Methods Liquid or lyophilized rabies vaccine was injected into the patients bitten by dogs from Jan 2003 to Nov 2006 and the levels of serum antibody 30 after the vaccination were determined. The smoking information of the immune patients was surveyed by inquiry and telephone interviews. Results The positive rate of antibody in the treatment group was 95. 75 % （ 1 061 / 1 108）, being 93.11% for liquid vaccine and 98,99 % for lyophilized vaccine, showing sitatistical difference （ x^2- 23.35, P 〈 0.01）. The positive rates five injections of liquid and lyophilized human anti - rabies vaccines were 91.21% and 96. 04% while that of severn injections were 98.19% and 99.74%, also showing significant difference. The There no significant differecnces were observed in positive rate between smokers and non - smokers were observed. The positive rate of patients given up smoking for 60 days was 95.14% and those without was 92.10%. Conclusion The effect of lyophilized vaccines is better than liquid vaccines and the effect of 7 injections are better than 5 infections. The immune effect of the vaccines on smokers and non - smokers is almost the same.

关 键 词：狂犬病疫苗 免疫效果 吸烟 影响 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]