水分胁迫条件下不同抗旱类型小麦灌浆初期内源激素的变化  

Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Different Types of Winter Wheat during Early Grain Filling Stage under Water Stress

作　　者：董宝娣[1] 刘孟雨[1] 张正斌[1] 李全起[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2007年第5期852-858,879,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：中科院知识创新重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-042-01和KSCX2-YW-N-004);国家863计划项目(2006AA100221和2002AA2Z4011)

摘　　要：为了阐明不同抗旱类型小麦在水分胁迫条件下内源激素的变化规律,在防雨棚内的盆栽条件下,以两个不同抗旱类型的冬小麦品种为材料,采用干旱（V1,田间持水量SRWC=40%-45%）、干湿交替（V2,SRWC=40%-45%或80%-85%）和湿润（V3,SRWC=80%-85%）三种不同的水分处理,用ELISA方法测定了小麦在灌浆初期不同部位ABA、IAA、GA1＋3、ZR等内源激素的含量。结果表明,在干旱条件下,旱地品种A115叶片ABA含量明显较高,但水地品种石4185根系和穗部ABA含量明显较高,水地和旱地品种对ABA反应部位明显不同;两品种IAA、ZR含量在根部和穗部有显著增加,且IAA和ZR含量增加的比例显著高于ABA。在干湿交替条件下,IAA、GA1＋3和ZR含量增加,ABA含量降低。高秆旱地品种在茎秆和叶片中GA1＋3的超补偿效应使株高和生物学产量明显增加。而矮秆水地品种石4185在各部位较高的GA1＋3含量和积累,尤其是穗部较高的ZR含量显著提高了经济学产量。无论旱地品种A115还是水地品种石4185,在干旱条件下穗部的IAA含量都极显著高于干湿交替处理和湿润处理,说明水分胁迫使两种不同类型的品种穗部IAA含量都增加,而并非降低。在不同的水分条件下,旱地品种对IAA和GA1＋3的反应要大于水地品种,而水地品种对ABA和ZR的响应要显著大于旱地品种。由此可见,在干旱条件下,促进细胞延长生长的IAA和促进细胞分裂的ZR和GA1＋3对小麦生长发育起主要作用,根部产生大量的IAA促进根系下扎,吸收深层水分而缓解缺水压力。特别是穗部IAA、ZR和GA1＋3的积累,有利于光合产物向籽粒的运转。说明促进生长的生长素类激素对抗旱和水分高效利用起着重要作用。Under water stress, endogenous hormone levels will change and may have an impact on growth and development, grain yield. In a rainproof shelter experiment, two winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L） varieties A115, Shi 4185 differing in drought resistance and plant height, were subjected to drought （SRWC=45-50%, V1）, full water（SRWC=80%-85%, V3）, and alternate dryingwetting（V2） from the jointing to maturity in pot, Endogenous abscisic acid（ABA）, gibberellins （GA1＋3）, indole-3-acetic acid（IAA） and zeatin riboside（ZR） were determined in wheat roots, shoots, tiller nodes, leaves and spikes by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The results showed as following： In drought condition, response of different tissues to ABA are different between A115 and Shi 4185. ABA concentration of leaves is much higher in A115, while ABA concentration in root and ear of 4185 is obviously higher. IAA and ZR concentration remarkably increases in root and ear of the two wheat types, and increased concentration of IAA and ZR is higher than ABA. In drying-wetting cycle condition, concentration of IAA, GA1,3 and ZR increased, while concentration of ABA reduced. Because higher GA1＋3 concentration in leaf and shoot induced compensation effect on high stalk variety A115, plant height and dry biomass are obviously increased. While, in short stalk variety Shi 4185, higher GA1＋3 concentration in every parts and higher ZR concentration in ear, grain yield increased markedly. In a word, not only in dry-land variety All5 but also in irrigated-land variety 4185, IAA concentration in ear is markedly higher in dry condition than in drying and wetting cycle condition and sufficient irrigation condition. That is to say, IAA concentration increased in water stress in two different types. In different water conditions, changes of IAA and GA1＋3 concentration in dry-land variety is more markedly than in irrigated-land variety, while changes of ABA and ZR concentration in irrigated-land variety is more markedly

关 键 词：冬小麦 水分胁迫 不同器官 内源激素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311