微生物异化还原金属氧化物的机理及应用  

Mechanism and Application of Microbial Dissimilatory Reduction Metal Oxide

作　　者：李浩然[1] 冯雅丽[2] 周良[1] 祝学远[2] 杜竹玮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所生化工程国家重点实验室,北京100080 [2]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2007年第5期680-683,共4页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20176061);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2003CB716001)

摘　　要：为考查异化还原微生物在浸出金属氧化物中的行为,提高微生物浸出深海多金属结核的效率.从深海沉积物中分离能异化还原金属氧化矿的金属还原菌,应用于还原浸出深海多金属结核中锰、镍、钴等金属,锰的浸出率可达97%,其它金属达80%以上.蒽醌类的电子传递中间体复合物加速了异化还原浸出的速率,5 d可以提高2.0 mmol/L.利用Geobacter metallireducens构建了微生物燃料电池,研究了微生物异化还原金属氧化物的机理,结果表明,微生物以直接吸附接触方式还原金属氧化物,在氧化物颗粒表面形成的生物膜在异化还原过程中起关键作用.Behavior of microbial dissimilatory reduction in the process of bioleaching metal oxide was researched to increase the leaching efficiency of marine manganese nodules. The dissimilatory metal reducing microorganisms（DMRM） was isolated from marine sediments and adopted to the bioleaching process of the metals, such as Mn, Co, Cu and Ni in marine manganese nodules of deep sea bed. The leaching yield of Mn of 97% was achieved, and that of other metals is up to 80 %. The reduction leaching process is accelerated by the electron media of the anthraquinone as electron acceptor, and the rate was increased by 2.0 mmol/L in five days. Microbial fuel cell was set up with the bacteria of Geobacter metallireducens, and the mechanism of microbial dissimilatory metal reduction was studied. The results show that the biofilm formed by the way of directly adsorption on the surfaces of the metal oxide mineral play a key role during the metal dissimilatorilly reduction process.

关 键 词：金属氧化物 深海多金属结核 微生物浸出 异化还原 金属还原菌 

分 类 号：TF111.311[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TF803.21