16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的应用  

The Application of 16S rRNA Gene Technology on Oil Reservoir Microbial Ecology

作　　者：包木太[1] 肖生科 孔祥平[1] 郭省学[3] 李希明[3] 李阳[4] 王修林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]中国石油玉门油田公司炼油化工总厂,甘肃玉门735200 [3]中国石化胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院,山东东营257000 [4]中国石化集团油田化学部,北京100029

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2007年第3期369-379,共11页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.50604013)"油藏环境中采油功能微生物群落选择性激活条件研究";"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB04B02)"油田采油综合节水技术开发";"十五"国家科技攻关重大项目(2003BA613A-08)"中国大中型油田勘探开发关键技术研究"资助

摘　　要：分子生态学技术的发展大大促进了人们对环境中微生物群落的研究,也为研究油藏微生物群落和微生物采油技术提供了一个新的工具,尤其16S rRNA基因技术应用于油藏微生物生态研究.该技术克服了基于细胞水平研究方法的不足,能更准确、更客观地揭示油藏微生物的多样性、群落动态变化、种群结构及进化等方面的信息.文章简要综述了16S rRNA基因技术发展历程及在环境微生物生态学中的应用,详细概述了16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的地位和作用以及用于油藏微生物生态研究的16S rRNA基因技术,讨论了16S rRNA基因技术目前在油藏微生物生态研究中存在的问题,通过实例论证了该技术的现场应用效果,重点介绍了胜利油田利用T-RFLP、DGGE等分子生态学技术在河口采油厂罗801区块空气辅助微生物驱和单12区块内源微生物驱研究中的应用,阐明了分子生态学技术在微生物提高原油采收率研究中的重要的意义.With the development of molecular biology, the research on microflora in the environment is accelerated and a new method for oil reservoir microflora and microbial enhanced oil recovery is provided. Especially as a new technology, 16S rRNA gene technology can more precisely express the oil reservoir microflora communities diversity, dynamic variation, structure and evolution comparing with traditional technologies based on microbial cultivation. In this paper, the development course of 16S rRNA gene technology and its application in the environmental microbiology are briefly reviewed. Its status and function used in oil reservoir are discussed in detail, as well as its frequently-used technologies. In order to account for the field application effect of this technology clearly, an example which introduces emphatically the application of the main 16S rRNA gene technology such as T-RFLP and DGGE in Luo-801 block air assisted microbial flooding technology and Shan-12 block indigenous microbial enhanced oil recovery of Shengli oilfield is given and the significance of molecular ecology technology in microbial enhanced oil recovery is illustrated at the same time.

关 键 词：16S rRNA基因技术 多样性 油藏 微生物生态 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]