长期施氮、磷、钾化肥对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of long-term nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applications on maize yield and soil fertility

作　　者：刘恩科[1] 赵秉强[1] 胡昌浩[2] 李秀英[1] 李燕婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2007年第5期789-794,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471012);国家基础研究重大项目"973"前期研究专项(2001CCB00800;2003CCB00300);中国农科院杰出人才基金项目资助

摘　　要：以1990年建立的国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(北京昌平站)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究了不同施肥制度对玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,长期均衡地施NPK肥或NPK与有机肥配施,可以显著提高玉米产量和土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等肥力指标,并能提高土壤微量元素的含量;而不均衡施肥(N、NK、NP、PK)导致相应的营养元素的耗竭。相关分析表明,在褐潮土上增施磷肥和有机肥对提高玉米产量具有重要的作用。A study on crop yield and soil fertility with different fertilization systems were carried out based on a 13-year fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing. At this site, 13 different treatments were established in 1990.Seven treatments were chosen for this study： CK （no fertilizer application）, N, NK, NP, PK, NPK and NPKM （NPK with farm yard manure）. The amount of chemical fertilizer per year was N 150 kg/ha, P2O5 75 kg/ha, K2O 45 kg/ha and manure 22.5 t/ha. The results indicted that crop yields of NPK and NPKM treatments were greater than other treatments. Soil organic matter, total N and P, available N, P and K and microelement contents were increased in NPK and NPKM treatments. On the contrary, total N and P were exhausted in the treatments without N and P fertilizers. Available P and K had the same variation trend in the treatments without P and K fertilizers. The phosphorus fertilizer and farmyard manure had the best effects on maize yield in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil.

关 键 词：无机肥料 玉米产量 土壤肥力 长期施肥 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]