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机构地区:[1]山东省日照市疾病预防控制中心,山东日照276826
出 处:《预防医学论坛》2007年第10期944-946,共3页Preventive Medicine Tribune
摘 要:[目的]评价日照市1993~2006年乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗的免疫预防效果。[方法]通过常规免疫报告系统和法定传染病报告系统获取乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝发病资料,通过检测健康人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)来获取人群HBsAg流行和乙肝免疫水平资料,分析乙肝发病与疫苗接种之间的关系。[结果]日照市1993~2006年出生儿童乙肝疫苗常规免疫接种率为22.53%~99.91%;1993年以来,≤14岁儿童乙肝发病率总体呈下降趋势,1993年最高(5.21/10万),2003年最低(0.82/10万)。人群HBsAg阳性率随年龄的减小而下降,1993年后出生人群HBsAg阳性率显著低于1993年前出生人群(P〈0.01).抗-HBs阳性率随年龄减小而增高,1993年后出生人群抗-HBs阳性率显著高于1993年前出生人群(P〈0.01),其中0~4岁儿童HBsAg阳性率最低、抗-HBs阳性率最高,分别为1.93%、85.02%。〉14岁人群乙肝发病率呈逐年上升趋势,1993年和2006年发病率分别为5.59/10万、22.58/10万。[结论]乙肝疫苗有效提高了儿童乙肝免疫水平,降低了儿童HBsAg阳性率和乙肝发病率。成人乙肝发病的控制工作有待进一步加强。[Objective]To evaluate the immune protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine. [Methods]The data about hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate and incidence rate of hepatitis B were obtained by routine immunization coverage surveillance system and legal infectious diseases reporting system. Serum specimens from different age-group people were collected to detect HBsAg and HBsAb by ELISA. [Results]The coverage rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine in the infants ascended from 22.53% to 99.91% in Rizhao in 1993~2006. The incidence of Hepatitis B in children under 15 years old declined from 5.21/100 000 to 1.50/100 000 in 1993~2006. The positive rate of HBsAg declined to 1.93% and anti-HBs ascended to 85.02 % in children under 4 years old. But in children above 14 years old, the incidence of hepatitis ascended by year gradually with 22.58/100 000 in 2006.[Conclusion]By programmed immunization of hepatitis B vaccine in children, the anti- HBs antibody level could be improved to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B and the positive rate of HBsAg availably. But the ascending incidence of Hepatitis B in adults indicated that Hepatitis B control in adults needed to be enhanced.
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