能源作物资源现状与发展前景  

An Overview and Perspectives of Energy Crop Resources

作　　者：谢光辉[1] 郭兴强[1] 王鑫[1] 丁荣娥[2] 胡林[3] 程序[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院能源作物实验室,北京100094 [2]中国农业大学科学技术处,北京100094 [3]中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京100094

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第5期74-80,共7页Resources Science

摘　　要：能源作物是生物质能源发展的基础环节,本文就国内外能源作物研究现状与前景进行综合述评。分析了能源作物的基本概念和分类,明确了适合中国国情的能源作物概念,归纳了当前淀粉与糖料作物、油脂作物和木质纤维素作物三类能源作物研究与应用现状。重点介绍了当前几种受国内外重视的新型能源作物甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、木薯(Manihot esculenta)、柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)、芒属植物(Miscanthusspp.)和柳属植物(Salixspp.)的发展现状和前景。从土地的承载能力和对环境的影响方面分析了中国发展发展能源作物的存在的问题与前景,明确提出,中国要坚持利用边际性土地、与生态恢复相结合发展能源作物的原则。指出中国能源作物种类筛选及品种改良至关重要,选择目标上应重视高光效、多年生、以收获营养器官为收获对象和高度抗逆等特征,以期形成具有地区适应性且收获季节多样化的系列能源作物种类与品种。Energy crop cultivation plays a crucial role in bioenergy development in the world. Our aim in this paper is to review the researches of energy crops and represent their perspectives. The concept and classification of energy crops are analysed based on the specific condition of China and three groups of starch and sugar crops, oil crops and lignocellulosic crops are discussed. Traditional crops such as cereals and sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum） are the main feedstock to produce fuel ethanol up to date. It has been recognized that cassava （Manihot esculenta）, sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor ） and sugar beet （Beta vulgaris var. altissima ） are more potential starch and sugar crops for fuel ethanol production. Annual oil crops such as rapeseed （B. rapa ssp. oleifera）, soy bean （Glycine max）, Castor bean （Ricinus communis） are the most important ones to produce biodiesel. Woody oil plants, e.g. Chinese pistache （Pistacia chinensis）, physic nut （Jatropha curcas）, and shiny-leaved yellowhorn （Xanthoceras sorbifolia）, will play an important role in biodiesel production in future due to their adaptability to hilly lands. However, compared to traditional row crops, perennial fast-growing woody plants and rhizomatous grasses, i.e. liginocellulosic crops, have the most characteristics favorable to biomass energy production. General information on sweet sorghum, cassava, switchgrass （Panicum virgatum）, miscanthus （ Miscanthus spp. ）, willow （Salix spp. ） is represented which have been paid great attention on and well documented as energy crops in the past decades. Energy crop plantation gives rise to environmental concerns and will impose more pressure on arable land producing food for the human. In China, arable land availability is limited due to the huge and increasing population. It is essential to screen plant species and improve crop varieties with high resistance and productivity to grow in marginal lands, which exhibit a great potential for energy crop production.

关 键 词：能源作物 甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor) 木薯(Manihot esculenta) 柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum) 芒属 (Miscanthus SPP ) 柳属(Salix spp.) 

分 类 号：S58[农业科学—作物学]