水资源经济学的几点讨论  

Discussions on Water Resources Economics

作　　者：李浩[1] 夏军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第5期137-142,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目:"中国水资源利用的经济学分析研究"(编号:04JZD00011);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40671035)

摘　　要：水资源经济学是研究水资源利用中人类选择行为的经验科学,其目的是实现水资源在时间和空间上的合理配置与利用。但是,目前该领域的研究还仅仅停留在将水价、水市场、水供需以及水管理等内容简单罗列的层次上,尚未形成贯穿始终的分析方法和框架,这势必会影响到学科的长足发展。要改变这一现状,本文认为要做到如下3点:①水资源经济学的研究必须以水资源生产力特征为主线,按水资源自然属性研究、人与水关系研究、水资源利用中人与人关系研究3个层次展开,并据此构建水资源经济学研究框架;②水资源经济学的研究需要融合不同的经济理论,运用GIS分析工具,并借助水文-经济耦合模型来描述水资源利用中的经济规律;③水资源经济学的研究核心应是人的用水行为,其可以分为人对水资源的影响行为和水资源利用中的利益分配行为。With the advancement of new technologies, the degree of water development approaches its limit. At the same time, there is a serious waste of water resources caused by lower price. Water resources have changed gradually from renewable resources to non-renewable resources. So people will be in a dilemma using minimum water to realize maximum economic profit, which accelerate the birth of water resources economics （WRE）. WRE is the empirical sciences which studying the options of mankind in use of water resources, and its purpose lies in realizing the reasonable distribution and utilization of water resources at spatial and temporal scale. The natural attributes of water resources has not been thought as one of constraint set in economic behavior and there is not integrated analysis structure in WRE, which will baffle the development of WRE. To alter this situation, the author argues that the research of WRE should focus on productivity of water resources while three facets of issues in terms of, water resources natural attributes, the relationship between human and water resources, and the relationship between water resources use and human. Therefore, the basic contents of WRE should consist of natural, social and economic attributes of water resources. To achieve above objectives, the research of WRE based on different disciplines should fully use the spatial and temporal analysis tools. Firstly, research need to incorporate different economic theories into WRE, which could include information economics, public choice theory, property rights theory, transaction cost theory, welfare economics and game theory. Secondly, WRE should couple hydrologic model and economic model, especially couple agricultural sector model, economic model with the SWAT（ Soil and Water Assessment Tool）model which could simulate the relationship between economic behavior and water circulation. Thirdly, WRE should combine the geographic information system （GIS） with spatial economics. That is, we should study the spatial distrib

关 键 词：水资源经济学 理论框架 研究方法 用水行为 

分 类 号：F426.91[经济管理—产业经济]