黄河三角洲土地利用/覆盖变化驱动力分析  

Driving Forces of Land Use Change/Cover in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：汪小钦[1] 王钦敏[1] 励惠国[1] 刘高焕[2] 

机构地区：[1]福州大学空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第5期175-181,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(编号:NCET-05-0573);国家863计划:"中国海岸带及近海卫星遥感综合应用系统技术"(编号:2001AA633010)

摘　　要：土地利用／覆盖变化（LUCC）的驱动力分析是土地利用／覆盖变化研究的核心。本文利用黄河三角洲东营市1984年～2001年5个时期的土地利用／覆盖数据，简要分析了黄河三角洲LUCC特征，重点研究其驱动力因子。在黄河三角洲，耕地和未利用地之间的双向转化最为频繁。海陆河流的交互作用使得黄河三角洲淤进蚀退变化占有较大的比重；淡水资源时空上的分布不均匀，使时平原水库的建设力度大为增加。时土地的盲目垦荒和粗放经营方式，是耕地与未利用地双向转换频繁的最主要原因；人口的增长，特别是非农业人口的增长，是居民地增多的主要原因；农业生产效益，时耕地、灌草地、内陆水体和未利用地之间的结构变化产生了较大的影响。在未来几年，整个黄河三角洲的面积将处于一种动态的平衡中，面积基本保持稳定。要实现黄河三角洲的可持续发展，就要在顺应自然因子的条件下，提高水陆比例，科学合理垦殖经营，大力发展和保护灌草地资源。The driving forces of land use and land cover change （LUCC） is one of the main issues for LUCC research. The land use and land cover changes are driven by natural and social-economical factors, but social-economical factors are determinative in the local and short time scale. In this paper, land use and land cover data of the Yellow River Delta derived from remote sensing data or GIS coverage in 1984, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 are used. As a whole, the area of land increased in the Yellow River Delta from 1984 to 2001. The largest area of land use types is dry land and wasteland. The dry land area is more than 30%, and waste land is more than 20%. The most frequent land use change types are changes between arable land and wasteland. The changes between wasteland and vegetation land and between vegetation land and arable land are also rapid. Based on the analysis of the characters of the LUCC of the Yellow River Delta, the determinative driving forces of LUCC were discussed. With its high sediment contents in the Yellow River, the coastal line in the present estuary extended to the ocean. In the old course estuary, because of ocean dynamic effect and the lack of sediment, the coastal line was eroded. When the extended area is larger than that of erosion, the land area of the delta increased, in which the main changes happened between tidal land and ocean. Due to the asymmetrical spatial and temporal distribution of freshwater, especially the break-off water discharge in the Yellow River channel, the area of inland water increased much from 1991. Land reclamation and extensive cultivation are the determinative factors for the frequent change between arable land and wasteland, which led to the large agriculture scale in one hand, and also led to land degradation in the other hand. Population increase, especially non-agricultural population increase, led to the residential area increased. Agriculture is the dominant industry in the Yellow River Delta. There was a negative correlation between arable land and farmi

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖变化 驱动力 黄河三角洲 土地利用策略 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]