渭河下游洪泛区土地景观格局变化及驱动力研究  

Study on the Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Forces in the Flood Area along the Lower Reaches of the Weihe River

作　　者：李景宜[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2007年第5期618-623,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40501077);中国博士后科学基金(20070410811);陕西省社会科学基金(06E016Z);陕西省教育厅自然科学基金(07JK179)项目共同资助

摘　　要：应用GIS/RS技术与景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,研究了1989-2000年渭河下游洪泛区土地景观格局变化及其驱动力。结果表明:①建设用地、草地、盐碱地、裸地、林地和园地的面积在增加,而耕地和水域的面积在减少;土地盐碱化形势依旧严峻,累计有2.08 km2的耕地和0.94 km2的草地出现了盐碱化,而且由于径流量减少使得3.47 km2的水域暴露并演化为盐碱地。②景观系统中优势斑块类型的连接性逐步降低,景观破碎化程度和景观异质性均呈现出增高趋势,其不定性的信息含量增大;耕地和林地的异质性及破碎度均有所降低,而建设用地则相反;草地、盐碱地和水域的各项指数波动性较大,景观变化较为剧烈。③人口增长、农业生产、区域产业结构调整以及水利工程等因素所引发的河道变迁、洪涝灾害频发等环境问题是促使景观类型转变的重要驱动力。④保护为主、合理开发洪泛区资源,适当退耕、重建河岸植被带等措施应该是洪泛区土地管理的唯一途径。In this study, the change of landscape pattern and its driving forces in the flooded area along the lower reaches of the Weihe River during the period from 1989 to 2000 are lucubrated using RS and GIS means. The historic data sets were derived from Landsat TM images in 1989, 1996 and 2000, relief map in scale of 1：50 000, field investigation data, etc. based on the classification system, visual interpretation and geometrical correction. The results are as follows ： （1） The areas of urban building lands, meadows, saline or alkaline lands, vegetationuncovered lands, woodlands and garden plots were enlarged, whereas that of cultivated lands and waters were reduced; salinization or alkalization occurred in cultivated lands of 2.08 km^2 and meadows of 0.94 km^2 in area, and the waters of 3.47 km^2 in area were dried up and changed into saline or alkaline lands. （2） The connectivity of dominant patches in the landscape system was gradually reduced, but the fragmentation and heterogeneity of landscapes were in an increase trend; the fragmentation and heterogeneity of cultivated lands and woodlands were decreased to some extent, whereas that of urban building lands were contrary; the fluctuation of all the indexes of meadows, saline or alkaline lands and waters was high, and the change of landscapes was violent. （3） Environmental factors, such as the river channel shift and frequent occurrence of flood and waterlog caused by population growth, agricultural production, regulation of regional industrial structure, construction of irrigation works, etc. , are the main driving forces of changing the landscape types in the flooded area along the lower reaches of the Weihe River. The antinomies between industrialization, urbanization and food security and between agricultural develop- ment and entironment conservation must be considered. The only way for land management in the flood area is to rationally exploit natural resources, implement the project of returning land for fanning to forestry and pasture, and

关 键 词：洪泛区 渭河下游 土地 景观格局 景观指数 驱动力 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]