贵州坡耕地可持续管理研究  

A STUDY ON SLOPING LAND MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

作　　者：朱青[1] 王兆骞[1] 尹迪信 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学院 [2]贵州省现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州科学》2007年第B05期494-501,共8页Guizhou Science

基　　金：国际土壤管理理事会资助项目;钾磷研究所资助;加拿大钾磷研究所资助项目

摘　　要：8年来,以裸地为对照,采用小区径流场法对旱坡地可持续管理技术的主要措施,即截流沟措施、横坡种植措施和植物篱种植措施进行探讨.结果表明:在无植被覆盖的裸露耕地上,水土流失十分严重,地表径流达到4044.3 m3、/hm2.a、土壤侵蚀量高达172.4 t/hm2.a,以此速率流失土壤,其耕层(15 cm)约在12 a后,将被冲刷殆尽.截流沟措施与横坡种植措施相比,可减少地表径流710 m3/hm2.a和土壤侵蚀量19 t/hm2.a;但其占地面积大,农作物产量减少58.1%.植物篱种植措施与横坡种植相比可减少地表径流345.2 m3/hm2.a;土壤侵蚀量21 t/hm2.a.虽然植物篱占具耕地面积,但并不影响农作物产量,且棚篱作物叶片可作饲料绿肥等用途.植物篱种植下的耕层土壤的酸碱度和质地得到改善;土壤侵蚀速率远低于易风化土壤的成土速率;同时结合人工翻耕,每年平均以17.5 cm的速度形成梯坎,以1.1°的速度减缓坡度.该项技术最终可实现坡改梯的目的,实现旱坡地的可持续利用1.After 8 years, the study project of Sloping Land Management for Sustainable Agriculture in Asia had been carried out in the southern part of Guizhou province at the middle - up Yangtse River and the Pearl River. The plots on sloping land for determination of runoff and soil erosion was employed into the study for evaluation of the effects of the sloping land sustainable management technologies which were alley cropping system technology, cross channel technology and cross planting technology. The results shown that soil erosion on the bared sloping farming land is very serious. The runoff reaches 4044.3 m^3/hm^2. a and the soil loss reaches 172.4t/hm^2. a on it. The topsoil will be gone and the productivity of soil will be lost after 12 years under such a rate of erosion. However, the water loss and soil erosion could be under control with the adoption of cross channel technology on sloping land. The water loss and soil erosion are 710m^3/hm^2. a and 19t/hm^2. a lesser than that with the cross planting technology respectively. But the crop yield was decreased by 58.1% compared to the yield of cross planting technology since the cross channel had occupied more fanning land. The alley crops works well and very rapidly on conservation of soil, water and soil nutrients after two year adoption of alley cropping system; thus reducing runoff and soil loss by 345.2 m^3/hm^2. a and 21t/hm^2. a respectively compared with cross planting technology. Soil erosion rate under the alley cropping system is much lower than the forming rate of easily weathering soil. Soil texture and pH are improved by alley cropping system technology and the slopping land is terraced at rate of 17.5cm/a and the slopes are lowered at the speed of 1. 1°combined with land cultivation. Although parts of land are occupied with alley crops, the corn yield has not been reduced. The leaves of alley crops can be used as feeding and green manure. The results further shown that alley cropping system technology is an economical, effective and practical measu

关 键 词：旱坡地 水土流失 植物篱技术 可持续农业管理 

分 类 号：S343.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157[农业科学—农艺学]