蚕豆在重金属污染条件下数量性状的分化研究  

DIFFERENTIATION OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF VICIAFABA CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

作　　者：段昌群[1,2] 王焕校[1,2] 姜汉侨[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生物系 [2]云南大学进化生态学研究实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》1997年第2期133-144,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;云南省应用基础科学研究基金

摘　　要：运用正交设计方法，经过４代的原位种植实验，研究了在人工控制条件下Ｐｂｚ＋、Ｃｄｚ＋、Ｈｇｚ＋、Ｚｎｚ＋污染对同一蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ．）种质在株高、首次开花时间、每株结豆荚数、单位豆荚豆粒数（每２０个豆荚）、种子的重量（５０粒）等数量性状的代内和代间分化。实验结果表明，在初始种植代内，低浓度的重金属除使开花时间以外的各数量性状指标程度不同有刺激升高作用；高浓度则使性状明显受到抑制。对于不同的污染世代，低浓度污染条件下，蚕豆在第１代一般表现出一定的应激反应，性状指标的变化一般不下降或略有下降，而在第２代时，性状明显趋于负向变化，但随着代数的推移，又逐渐恢复上升。高浓度的污染，在第１代时植物就产生了毒性反应，大多的数量性状都明显受到了抑制，随后一定的代数内这种受抑现象加深，持续１到２代后，性状又向正常条件下的数值方向恢复。经分析认为，植物对污染具有相当大的适应潜力，这种潜力的来源是基于基因频率水平上的变化；With the orthogonal designing method, the plants of the same variety of Broadbean (Vicia faba L.)were treated with heavy metal ions Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Zn 2+ in successive four generations. Parameters of quantitative characters(PQCs) such as the percentage of survival seedling(PSS), height of plants (HP), the relative time of first blooming(TFB), pods per seeding(PPS), amounts of bean every 20 pods (BEP) and weigth of 50 bean (WB) were investigated. The results showed that all PQCs except TBF went up as affected with low dose of metal ions at the initial generation, and decreased as affected by high dose of metal ions. The plants responded to low dose of metal ions with a small decrease in PQCs or did not come out at the first generation, and then with a significant decrease in PQCs in the second generation. In the proceeding of generations, however, the PQCs recovered to the inital. The toxical response of the plants to high dose metal treatment, in terms of PQCs, appeared in the first generation and then got enhanced in the following one or two generations. Then, similarly, the PQCs recovered to the inital. It might be considered that plants have potential abilities to adapt to environmental pollution, originating from the gene frequency change induced by pollution. Such a gene frequency change reflected the role of pollution in the process of ecological differentiation of the plants.

关 键 词：蚕豆 数量性状 分化 污染 重金属 

分 类 号：S551.408[农业科学—作物学] X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程]