刺五加花的形态学及雄蕊异长现象的观察  

OBSERVATION ON FLORAL MORPHOLOGY AND HETERANTHERY OF ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS (ARALIACEAE)

作　　者：刘林德[1] 王仲礼[1] 田国伟[2] 申家恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台师范学院生物系,山东烟台264025 [2]哈尔滨师范大学生物系,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《植物分类学报》1997年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目"中国主要濒危植物保护生物学研究"资助课题;项目编号 39391500~~

摘　　要：刺五加Eleuthercoccocus senticosus(Rupr.et Maxim)Maxim.具有花丝长度不同的三种植株类型, 本文报道了其花序和花的形态结构,开花式样,异长雄蕊现象及相应的花柱长度。结果表明:长花丝长3.96～4.44mm,短花丝长0.45～0.93mm,中花丝长2.16～3.08mm。伴随异长雄蕊特征的其它表现在于花药大小、花药形状和颜色、花粉大小、花粉数量、柱头宽度和雌雄蕊育性。其中,长花丝对应的花药饱满、白色、花粉量大、花柱较短、雌性败育;短花丝对应的花药小、黄褐色、无花粉、花柱较长、雌性可育;中花丝对应的花药中等、花粉粒较大、雄性半不育、雌性可育。据此,刺五加被认为是单全异株的,其长花丝类型是雄性、短花丝类型是雌性、中花丝类型是两性的。另外,对三种性别形态类型的关系进行了讨论,并认为将雌株作为变种“短蕊刺五加”var.brevistaminea显然是不恰当的。Three morphs of Eleutherococcus senticosus with different filament lengths were found in the Maoershan Forest Ecological Station, Shangzhi County, Heilongjiang Province (127?0'~127?4'E,45?5'~45?5'N).The inflorescence and floral morphology,flowering pattern, heteranthery with reciprocal style lengths were observed. The result reveals that long filaments are 3.96~4.44 mm long,short filaments 0.45~0.93 mm,and medium-long filaments 2.16~3.08 mm. Other aspects of the heterandrous syndrome are exhibited in anther size,anther shape and color, pollen size, pollen number per flower, stigma width, fertility of stamens and gynoecium etc. The long filaments are accompanied with plump and white anther, large numbers of pollen grains, shorter style and sterile gynoecium; the short filaments with small,tawny or pale yellow anther,no pollen,longer style and fertile gynoecium;and the medium-long filaments with middle anthers, larger but half-sterile pollen grains and fertile gynoecium. On the basis of morphological data,it is confirmed that Eleutherococcus senticosus is a species with three sexual morphs, the morph with long filaments is male, and that with short filaments is female, whereas the morph with medium-long filaments is hermaphroditic. Furthermore, the relationships among these three morphs are discussed, and it is pointed out that the treatment of plants with short stamens as a variety, var. brevistaminea , is obviously a mistake.

关 键 词：五加科 刺五加 花 形态学 异长 雄蕊 

分 类 号：Q949.763.2[生物学—植物学]