清以来大小兴安岭环境与狩猎文化的生态人类学观察——鄂伦春族个案(上)  

Ecological Anthropology View on the Relationship of the Great and Small Xinganling Mountains and Hunting Culture Since Qing Dynasty:Taking Olunchun as an Example(1st)

作　　者：何群[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学社会学民俗学系,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《满语研究》2007年第1期118-126,共9页Manchu Studies

摘　　要：鄂伦春族是中国东北边疆大小兴安岭深山密林中的世居狩猎民族,其传统狩猎文化是适应所在自然环境和社会文化环境的产物。适应特有的单一环境的结果,形成简单文化。20世纪中叶以来,鄂伦春族传统生存环境发生急剧变化,狩猎文化的自然进化过程遭致断裂,后来日益表现出文化的衰落,生存问题引人注目。问题关键在于,面对环境的急剧变化,传统文化所具有的简单文化的特点,束缚了鄂伦春族适应新环境的能力。在主体社会现代化进程中,在环境的进一步变化中,鄂伦春族表现出很强的不适应。Olunchun is a hunting nationality for generations living in the dense forests in the deep mountains of Great and Small Xinganling. Its traditional hunting culture grows out of adapting to the surrounding natural and social environment, and the unitary environment leads to a single culture appeared. Since the middle of 20th century, the traditional living environment has changed sharply and the natural development of hunting culture was cut off and gradually declined afterwards. The key point is that facing the sharpen change of environment, the traditional single culture constrained the adapting ability of Olunchun to new environment. Thus they feel strong unworthiness in the modernization process of main society and the further change of their environment.

关 键 词：清代 兴安岭地区 环境 鄂伦春族 生态人类学 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]