吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地黄鼠数量及分布特点  

Quantity and distributive characters of Spemophilus dauricus in plague nature foci of Jilin Province

作　　者：张芳[1] 刘振才[1] 张贵[1] 张雁冰[1] 周方孝[1] 江森林[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省地方病第一防治研究所鼠疫流行病研究室,白城137000

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2007年第5期540-542,共3页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：吉林省人民政府资助项目（吉财预[2005]198号）

摘　　要：目的 了解吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地不同地理景观类型及地理生态环境中黄鼠数量及分布，确定黄鼠最适生存环境。方法 在鼠疫自然疫源地按生态环境面积的0．5％分层抽样，对黄鼠分布范围及黄鼠数量进行调查。结果 黄鼠平均密度为0．27只／hm^2，低于常规监测水平（0．64只／hm^2）；固定沙丘黄鼠数量较高，鼠密度为0．92只／hm^2；草原和林地黄鼠数量次之，鼠密度分别为0．46、0．44只／hm^2；耕地黄鼠数量最低，鼠密度为0．13只／hm^2。结论 吉林省黄鼠数量处于较低水平；耕地景观黄鼠以沙坨耕地、坟地和撂荒地为主要栖息地；草原景观黄鼠以沙性草原和丘麓台地草原为主要居住场所；黄鼠密度分布具有明显的区域聚集性。Objective To explore the quantity and geographical distributions of Spemophilus dauricus in different landscapes and habitats to determine the most suitable environment for Spemophilus dauricus to exist. Methods Layering sampling of 0.5% of the total ecosystem environment area within plague nature focus was performed to investigate the amounts and distribution of Spemophilus dauricus. Results The average density of Spemophilus dauricus were 0.27/hm^2, lower than conventional surveillance level. The amounts of Spemophilus daur/cus was higher in fixed sandy dunes, being 0.92/hm^2; it was lower in grasslands and woodlands （being 0.46,0.44/hm^2） and the lowest in cultivated land, being 0.13/hm^2. Conclusions The amounts of Spemophilus daur/cus in Jilin Province are in a lower level. Cultivated landscapes where Spemophilus dauricus dwells mainly includes sandy lands, graveyards and wastelands, while grassland mainly involves sandy grasslands and hilly land grasslands. Density distribution of Spemophilus dauricus shows a gathering feature in the district.

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫源地 黄鼠 栖息环境 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]