不同填料在高负荷垂直流人工湿地系统中净化能力的研究  

Effect of Different Filter Media on the Treatment Performances of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands at High Hydraulic Loading

作　　者：张翔凌[1] 张晟[1] 贺锋[1] 袁莉英[1] 成水平[1] 吴振斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第5期1905-1910,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家杰出青年基金项目(39925007);国家"十五"重大科技专项(2002AA601021);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-SW-102)

摘　　要：选取砾石、沸石、无烟煤、页岩、蛭石、陶瓷滤料、高炉钢渣、圆陶粒8种填料,在较高水力负荷(1000～2500mm·d-1)的条件下,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验。结果表明,无烟煤、圆陶粒、砾石具有较好去除有机物的能力,对COD的去除率达到50%以上;钢渣和无烟煤对BOD的去除率达到70%以上。沸石和陶瓷滤料对总氮和氨氮的去除率达到70%以上,其他几种填料对总氮和氨氮的去除率仅为20%左右。高炉钢渣和无烟煤具有较好去除磷的能力,高炉钢渣对总磷和总溶解性磷的去除率达到90%以上,无烟煤对总磷和总溶解性磷的去除率达到60%～70%。孔隙率的变化对垂直流人工湿地的净化能力有显著影响。在垂直流人工湿地处理系统中,通过选择合适的填料,如无烟煤、圆陶粒、沸石,在较高的水力负荷条件下可获得较好的处理效果。Several kinds of media were utilized in the vertical flow constructed wetlands simulation system to treat wastewater at hydraulic loading rate of 1 000～2 500 mm·d^-1, including gravel, zeolite, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, blast furnace steel slag and round ceramsite. The results showed that the average COD removal efficiencies were more than 50% in the anthracite coal, round ceramsite and gravel wetlands. The average BOD removal efficiencies were more than 70% in the slag-filled and anthracite-filled wetlands. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen （TN） and NH4^＋-N were more than 70% in the zeolite and ceramic filter media wetlands. However, the removal efficiencies of TN and NH4^＋-N were only about 20% in the several other wetlands. Good performances were achieved in the slagfilled and anthracite-filled wetlands in terms of removal of phosphorus. The average removal efficiencies of total phosphorus （TP） and total dissolve phosphorus （TDP） were above 90% in the slag-filled wetlands and were about 60%～70% in the anthracite-filled wetlands. The effect of changes of porosity on purification efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetlands was significant. The experiment indicated that good performance could be achieved at high hydraulic loading by selecting suitable media, such as anthracite, round ceramsite and zeolite in the vertical flow constructed wetlands.

关 键 词：垂直流人工湿地 高负荷 净化能力 填料 无烟煤 圆陶粒 沸石 

分 类 号：X703.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]