轻型高防堵性能免耕播种机研究  

Study on the Light No-till Seeders With High Anti-blockage Performance

作　　者：高焕文[1] 李洪文[1] 姚宗路[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2007年第9期35-39,共5页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关课题"一年两熟地区保护性耕作关键技术与配套机具研究"资助项目(2001BA504B03)

摘　　要：以主动防堵的思路,提高国产免播机质量与尺寸受限情况下的防堵性能。先后研制出带状旋耕、条带粉碎和驱动圆盘3种主动防堵的轻型免播机,防堵能力强,能胜任高产玉米地免耕播种小麦,质量316～500 kg/m,与国产拖拉机匹配,价格为国外免播机1/8左右。田间对比试验表明,轻型主动防堵免播机动土量和动力消耗比国外免播机大一些,但在小麦出苗、长势和产量上优于国外机器。2006年推广近2万台,玉米地免耕播种小麦约40×10~4hm^2。The first performance of the no-till seeder is to avoid the stalk blockage while seeding the blockage problem, oversea no-till seeders mostly rely on heavy weight （760-1130 kg/m） or big size To solve But those seeders are not suitable for Chinese conditions of small land size, small tractor and weak left force （300 - 600 kg/m）, and are expensive as well . After 10 year efforts since 1990, light passive anti-blockage no-till seeders were developed and largely applied to the middle and low yield regions. However, the anti-blockage performance of the seeders is limited, difficult to work in the high yield region. From 1998, 3 types of light and active anti-blockage no-till seeders, strip rotary hoe, strip chopping and power driven disk no-till seeders, have been developed. Those seeders have strong anti-blockage ability, and can directly seed wheat on the heavy maize stalk mulching field. The unit weight is 316 ~500 kg/m, which can match domestic tractors. The price is 1/8 of oversea no-till seeders. From the planting quality test of 3 no-till seeders in 2004 - 2006, the light active anti-blockage no-till seeders have shown more soil disturbance and power consuming than oversea no-till seeders, but had advantages of wheat emergence, seedling growth and wheat yield. Nearly 20,000 pieces of the light ＆ high anti-blockage no-till seeders have been applied to the direct seeding wheat in maize stalk mulching field of400,000 hm^2 in 2006, resulted resources saving, environment protection and farmer benefits increasing.

关 键 词：主动防堵 免耕播种机 轻型机具 保护性耕作 直接播种小麦 

分 类 号：S22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]