西藏慈巴沟自然保护区主要偶蹄类动物春季垂直分布和栖息地分化  

Vertical distribution and habitat differentiation of main artiodactyls in Tibet Cibagou Nature Reserve of China in spring

作　　者：吴鹏举[1] 张宏 张恩迪[3] 

机构地区：[1]东莞理工学院研究院,广东东莞523808 [2]西藏自治区林业局,拉萨850000 [3]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2007年第10期1569-1573,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：美国麦克阿瑟基金会(MacArthur Foundation);国际野生生物保护学会(WCS)资助项目

摘　　要：2002年3—5月,在藏东南的慈巴沟自然保护区随机设置14条样线,对主要偶蹄类动物在春季的垂直分布和栖息地分化情况进行了调查。结果表明:野猪、黑麂、(赤)斑羚、羚牛和鬣羚都有非常明显的海拔相对集中的分布区,除了羚牛和鬣羚的空间垂直生态位高度重叠外,其它类群之间重叠较小;为进一步研究羚牛和鬣羚之间的共存机制,设置了187个10m×10m样方,调查了10类生态因子,通过联结检验和判别分析,发现羚牛和鬣羚之间并没有空间联结关系,栖息地差别明显;通过计算Vanderloeg选择系数和Scavia选择指数,发现羚牛和鬣羚在饮水距离、林分郁闭度、隐蔽度、乔木密度具有明显的选择差异;食物的不同需求导致了这些偶蹄类动物垂直分化的差异,而羚牛和鬣羚对小尺度生态因子上的选择差异和在时间维度点的差异则是维持同域共存的机制。From March to May 2002, 14 sampling transects were set randomly in the Cibagou Nature Reserve of Southeast Tibet to investigate the vertical distribution and habitat differentiation of main artiodactyls in the reserve. The results showed that Budorcas taxicolor, Capricornis sumatraensis, Sus scrofa, Muntiacus crinifrons and Nemorhaedus cranbroki （Nemorhaedus goral ） all had relatively concentrated altitudinal distribution. The artiodactyls except M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki had a lesser vertical niche overlap. To further understand the coexistence mechanisms between M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki, a total of 187 sample plots （ 10 m ×10 m）were set out within the transects, and 10 habitat variables were analyzed. It was indicated that no spatial association was observed between M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki, and these two artiodactyls had different selections on the distance from drinking site, stand canopy cover, sheltering degree, and tree density. The different vertical distribution of artiodactyls probably reflected their different trophic requirements, while the differences in small-scale selections of habitat ecological factors and in temporal dimension could be the coexistence mechanisms of M. crinifrons and N. cranbroki.

关 键 词：垂直分布 栖息地分化 偶蹄类动物 种间关系 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]