北京冬季大气颗粒物污染水平和影响因素研究  

Research on the pollution level and affecting factors of atmospheric particulates in Beijing city during winter

作　　者：车瑞俊[1] 刘大锰[1] 袁杨森[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学能源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科学院研究生院学报》2007年第5期556-563,共8页Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40475049);北京市自然科学基金项目(8032012)资助

摘　　要：北京市大气颗粒物造成的城市空气污染是目前亟待解决的问题之一.为了分析北京市大气颗粒物的污染水平及其影响因素,以大气中的PM10和PM2.5为研究对象,于2005年冬季在北京市范围内设立了5个功能区(9个采样点)进行采样监测.结果表明,北京市PM10和PM2.5污染比较严重,不同区域的PM10和PM2.5的污染程度为:交通干道区>工业区,郊区>商业区>居民区,且PM2.5质量浓度的空间分布并不完全同于PM10;气象条件稳定时,PM10和PM2.5质量浓度日变化表现出一定的规律性,这种时间变化的特征主要取决于所在环境中排放的污染物变化情况;PM10和PM2.5的污染程度受气象条件的影响:在一定范围内,颗粒物质量浓度随着温度的上升而下降,随着相对湿度的升高而增加,随着风力的增强而降低,随逆温层的生成及增强而增高.The air pollution caused by atmospheric particulates in Beijing city is one of the problems to be solved. In order to analyze the pollution level of atmospheric particulates in Beijing city and the influential factors, with the research on PM,o and PM2.5 , the authors sampled at nine areas in Beijing city during winter in 2005. The results are concluded as follows. The pollution level in Beijing is very serious, Because of the influence of pollution sources at each sampling area, the pollution level of PM,o and PM2.5 in different regions reduces from main traffic road region to industrial region, decreases from rural region to commercial regiori to residential region, and not all the spatial distribution regulations of the concentrations of PM2.5 are the same as PM,o . As weather conditions keep stable, the hourly variation of PM,o and PM2.5 concentrations presents regularly, the temporal variation mostly depends on the variety of contaminations released to the environment, Meteorological conditions are the important influential factors of PM,o and PM2.5 pollution level. A correlation analysis indicates significant negative correlation between the concentrations of atmospheric particulates and the temperature, And the same situation is also observed between the particle concentrations and wind speed, Positive correlation is found between relative humidity and the concentrations of atmospheric particulates. As the temperature inversion layer forms and becomes stronger, the concentrations of atmospheric particulates increase as well.

关 键 词：PM10和PM2.5 污染水平 影响因素 冬季 北京市 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]