拉丁美洲“民主化”进程中的美国因素  

U.S. Influence on Latin America’s Democratization

作　　者：钟熙维[1] 杨建民[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学经济学院,武汉430074 [2]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2007年第5期56-63,共8页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金资助(项目号06CGJ009)

摘　　要：1912年以后,美国开始逐渐改变对拉美赤裸裸的大棒政策,实行软硬兼施的政策,在保有军事优势和威慑的同时,加以"金元外交",从而开了以"促进民主"为名义和目标,维护本国根本利益的政策之先河。冷战期间,为了防止所谓"共产主义扩张",美国长期与拉美的独裁政权结盟,甚至颠覆拉美的民主政府。1974年以后,美国在世界范围内"促进民主"确实给拉美国家的"民主化"提供了良好的外部条件。然而,影响美国对外政策的主要因素一直是美国的战略安全和经济利益,而不是为了"促进民主"。拉美国家民主化的经验和教训表明,不能照搬美国等先进国家的经验和模式,而应该主要依靠自主创新,建立适合本国国情的民主制度。In the early 20th century, the U.S. began to apply democratization as a tool of maintaining its interests in Latin America. During the Cold War, aiming at holding back communism, it enhanced the cooperation with the authoritarian regimes in the region and never hesitated to overthrow an elected government supposed to be pro-communism. Since 1974, it pursued the democratization strategy, which played a constructive role to a certain degree in promoting Latin America’s democratization. But it was proved that the strategy was basically self-serving. What happened in Latin America shows that a dynamic democracy must be based on institutional innovation and constantly adapt itself to the changing political and economic situation.

关 键 词：民主化 美国 战略安全 经济利益 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]