竹炭包膜尿素的氮素释放规律和生物利用效果研究  

Experimental Study on the Nitrogen Releasing Law and Biologic Utilizing Effect of Bamboo-charcoal Coated Urea

作　　者：纪锐琳[1] 朱义年[1] 张爱莉[1] 张学洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]桂林工学院资源与环境工程系,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2007年第26期8284-8286,8289,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西"新世纪十百千人才工程"专项资金资助项目(2004217);广西科学基金(桂科基0575103)。

摘　　要：[目的]对竹炭包膜尿素的氮素释放规律和生物利用效果进行研究,寻找高效、廉价、生产工艺简单的包膜氮肥。[方法]以竹炭和高分子聚合物为包膜材料,制得2种不同包膜厚度的竹炭包膜尿素(BCCU);通过玉米的土壤淋溶试验、土壤氨挥发试验和盆栽试验研究自制竹炭包膜尿素的氮素释放规律和生物利用效果。[结果]竹炭包膜尿素具有一定的缓释性能,其氮素的29d累积淋出率比普通尿素低9.93%～16.27%;施用竹炭包膜尿素的氨挥发量显著低于普通尿素,降幅为16.66%～31.8%;施用竹炭包膜尿素的玉米生物量和氮素利用率分别提高12.8%～24.1%和10.50%～16.99%。[结论]竹炭对尿素中氮素不仅具有一定的缓释性能,还具有一定的吸附能力,能减少氮素的淋失和挥发,减轻对环境的污染。[Objective] The study aimed to research the nitrogen releasing law and biologic utilizing effect of bamboo-charcoal coated urea so as to find the coated urea with high efficiency, low price and simple production technology. [Method] Two kinds of Bamboo-charcoal coated urea （BCCU） with different coating thickness were made by coating urea with bamboo-charcoal and macromolecule polymer as coating material. The experiments of soil leaching, ammonia volatilizing and pot culture on maize were conducted to study the nitrogen releasing law and the biologic utilizing effect of self-made BCCU. [Result] The BCCU showed some slow-release property and their accumulated nitrogen releasing rates for 29d were 9.93 %~16.27 % lower than that of normal urea. Compared with the normal urea, the volatilized ammonia rate of BCCU was reduced to 16.66%~31.8%, the biomass maize and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 12.8 %~24.1% and 10.5 %~16.99 % resp. [Conclusion] Bamboo-charcoal used in coated urea not only had some slow-release property, but also had some adsorption capacity, which would reduce the leaching and volatilizing of nitrogen and protect environment from N pollution.

关 键 词：竹炭 包膜尿素 利用率 淋溶损失 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]