水盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植被空间分异规律的定量分析  

Vegetation Distribution Patterns to the Gradients of Water Depth and Soil Salinity in Wetlands of Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：贺强[1] 崔保山[1] 赵欣胜[1] 付华龄[1] 熊雄[1] 冯光海 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]山东省黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区大汶流管理站,山东东营257500

出　　处：《湿地科学》2007年第3期208-214,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2006CB403303);国家自然科学基金项目(40571149)资助

摘　　要：三角洲湿地植被的形成和分布同时受水深、土壤含盐量两个环境因子的作用。采用模糊数学排序方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地植被在水深、土壤含盐量两个环境梯度下的空间分异规律。结果表明,由TWINSPAN划分而得到的8个植被类型在模糊数学排序图中有各自的分布范围,界线明显。以穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spica-tum)等水生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的左上部,为黄河三角洲湿地高水深、低盐分地区;以柽柳(Tam-arix chinensis)、翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)等典型盐生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的右下部,为黄河三角洲的低水深、高盐分地区;其他以芦苇(Phragmites australis)、荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等为优势种的群落分布在排序图的中部。利用Gini-Simpson指数,在模糊数学排序图中分析了植物物种多样性随水深、土壤含盐量梯度的空间变化,结果表明,高水深、低盐分和低水深、高盐分地区植物物种多样性均较低,而二者过渡区域植物物种多样性较高。Yellow River Delta, within the range of 37°35＇N -38°12＇N and 118°33＇E -119°20＇E, located in the middle of East - Asian Continent, is one of the three main deltaic wetlands in China. It is also an important habitat for the birds from East -Asia and from East -Asia to Australia. A national reserve namely Yellow River Delta National Reserve has been established since 1991 in the delta to protect the newly -formed wetland ecosystem and rare/endangered waterfowls. The main soil types in the reserve are tidal soil and saline soil. Secular water covered wetland, including river, lake, estuary, pond, reservoir, aqueduct, saline, shrimp or crab pond and shoal, takes 63.06% of the total area, while seasonal water covered wetland, embracing tideland, reed mire, other swamps, sparse wetland, shrub wetland, meadow and paddy land. The distribution patterns of vegetation to the gradient of water depth and soil salinity in this deltaic wetland were analyzed in the paper. Field survey was carried out in October, 2006 in the popedom of Dawenliu Management Station, Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve. And it is one of typical wetland zones in this delta. 30 sampling sites all together in ten transects from the sea to inland were designed to investigate plant communities. In each sampling site, the composition of plant communities and coverage/abundance of every plant species were recorded. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0 -20 cm in every sampling site to mensurate soil sa- linity in laboratory. Water depths were measured by a ruler in situ. 2 muhianalysis methods, two -way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN） and fuzzy set ordination （ FSO）, were used in the study. And the results indicated that each of the 8 vegetation types given by TWINS- PAN had its own region in the chart of fuzzy set ordination. The communities with Myriophyllum spicatum which I was hydrophyte as dominant species were located in the up left corner that represented a high water depth and a low soil salinity; the commu

关 键 词：模糊数学排序 水深 土壤含盐量 黄河三角洲湿地 

分 类 号：Q958.5[生物学—动物学]