含内天井的高层建筑火灾烟气流动数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation for Fire Smoke Flow in a Tall Building with Multi-Story Hollow Space

作　　者：朱国庆[1] 顾正洪[1] 季经纬[1] 程远平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学能源与安全工程学院,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《建筑科学》2007年第9期1-6,共6页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50406026)

摘　　要：研究设有内天井的高层建筑烟气流动及火灾蔓延特征,分析其对防火分区和安全疏散的影响。采用性能化消防设计的方法,对某设置74.65 m、55.95 m双内天井的一类高层建筑,建立火灾发展模型、设计火灾场景,用CFD火灾模拟软件进行数值模拟。结果表明:该建筑利用内天井自然排烟时,各火灾场景均能满足各层人员疏散的性能指标,而在内天井四周环廊上设置挡烟垂壁则影响烟气的顺畅排出,缩短了危险来临时间,增大了火灾的危害性。提出内天井式建筑宜利用烟囱效应优先采用自然排烟方式,烟气控制宜疏堵结合,以疏导为主的设计理念。Characteristics of smoke flow and fire spread in a multi-story hollow space were studied to investigate their influences on fire compartment and safety evacuation. Fire development model was established and fire scenarios were designed to simulate fire and smoke spread by CFD software numerically based on concepts of fire performance-based design for some tall building with double multi-story hollow space, whose heights are 74.65 m and 55.95 m respectively. Simulation results show that performance targets for safety evacuation for people in each floor is satisfied in all fire scenarios, if smoke is evacuated naturally using the multi-story hollow space. Hang walls mounted in corridors around the multi-story hollow space prevent smoke flowing out smoothly, shorten the coming time of risk and increase fire danger. Using chimney effect, it is preferred to adopt natural smoke evacuation method in a multi-story hollow space.

关 键 词：内天井 防排烟 性能化设计 火灾模拟 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程] X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]