免耕对农牧交错带农田休闲期土壤风蚀及其相关土壤理化性状的影响  

Effects of no-tillage on soil properties affecting wind erosion during fallow in Ectone of north China

作　　者：秦红灵[1] 高旺盛[1] 马月存[1] 杨世琦[1] 赵沛义[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]内蒙古农业科学院土化所,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第9期3778-3784,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471010);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD02A15)~~

摘　　要：以北方农牧交错带为研究对象,分析了免耕对农田土壤风蚀的影响,评价了不同耕作方式下与土壤风蚀相关的土壤物理、化学和生物学特性的差异.研究结果表明：翻耕农田土壤风蚀量是免耕地的3～8倍,翻耕地和免耕地的地表粗糙度分别为0.032和 0.417;与翻耕地相比,免耕地表层0～10 cm土壤粘粒和粉粒含量较多;免耕地土层0～5 cm和5～10 cm的土壤容重、坚实度和土壤水分都大于翻耕地,其中0～5 cm、5～10 cm和10～20 cm土层土壤坚实度分别是翻耕地的4.7、 2.8倍和 3.8倍.经过3年的免耕,0～5 cm土层土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷和有效钾含量均高于翻耕土壤,有效钾含量比翻耕地增加了77%.所有测定土层的土壤有机质含量免耕地均高于翻耕地,在0～5 cm和5～10 cm土层达到5%显著水平.免耕地表层0～10 cm土壤微生物量碳是翻耕地的2.1倍.The objectives were to analyze the effects of wind erosion under plough tillage and no-tillage, evaluate changes in soil physical, chemical and biological properties due to different tillage practices, and to discuss the effects of soil properties on wind erosion. Results showed that ： （ 1 ） soil loss from plough tillage （FI＇） was as much as 3 ~ 8 times that from no- tillage （NT） ;the aerodynamic roughness lengths under plough and no-tillage were 0. 032, 0. 417, respectively. （2） No- tillage soil contained more clay and fine sand in the 0 -- 10 cm topsoil layer than the plough tillage soil. In the 0 --5 and 5 --10 cm soil depth, the bulk density, soil hardness and soil moisture were more under no-tillage than plough tillage. Especially, the soil hardness in 0 -- 5, 5 -- 10 and 10 -- 20 cm under no-tillage were as much as 4.7, 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively. （3） Plough tillage practice decreased available K at the 0- 5 cm depth by 77% compared to no-tillage. A similar trend was observed for total N, soil organic matter （SOM） and available P, although decreases were lower than that of available K. A cross depths, the concentrations of SOM were lower in the plough tillage soils than in the no-tillage soil, but differences were significant （P 〈0.05） only at the 0 --5 cm and 5 -- 10 cm depths. （4） Microbial biomass carbon concentration under NT was 2.1 times that of PT in the 0 -- 10 cm soil depth

关 键 词：免耕 翻耕 土壤理化性状 风蚀 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]