分子热力学前沿基础研究中的新理论13∶论纯质的微观结构与液体表面张力理论计算法  

In the leading basic research of molecular thermodynamics new theory 13∶on molecular structure and a theoretical equation of surface tension of liquid

作　　者：张克武[1] 张宇英[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学化学学院

出　　处：《黑龙江大学自然科学学报》2007年第4期435-440,共6页Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(29746002);吉林省应用基础基金资助项目;首钢总公司赞助

摘　　要：从分析液体表面张力σ的微观机理出发,应用表面层的定性微观图片,阐明液体内部微观粒子与液体表面层的微观粒子同其它微观粒子间的相互作用是不同的。可把液体表面层微观粒子看作介乎于液体性质与气体性质之间的第三相。临界点时,第三相消失,故σ趋近于0,据此预测应能将张克武气体不平衡状态理论方程推广应用于σ的研究,导出液体表面张力理论方程,经用各不同结构类型的极性与非极性纯质268种1482个实验数据检验,平均误差1.40%,且其物理意义明确,仅知Tm,即可精确预测若干结构类型的σ,显著优于前人各式,有较为重要的理论意义和广泛的应用价值。Zhang Kewu＇ s theoretical equation for nonequilibrium state of gases derived from the differential equation for a model of argon gas is here extended to the liquid. A theoretical equation of calculation surface tension of liquids to use molecular structure was derived. Three rules are obtained by logical reasoning. The equation can be applied to various structure types and both polar and nonpolar pure liquids. The average error is 1.40% from 1482 experimental values of 268 compounds. Its accuracy is over 3 times higher than that of the famous Macleod - Sugden method. It is far better than all other methods published. This paper solves one of the tremendous research tasks in cross - science of chemical engineering and condensed matter physics. And the physical meaning of the present equation is clear and definite.

关 键 词：氩模型理论 气体不平衡状态理论方程 液体表面张力 理论方程 

分 类 号：O647.1[理学—物理化学]