绩效、能力、职位对组织分配公平观的影响  

The Effects of Performance,Competence and Position on Organizational Distributive Justice

作　　者：陈曦[1] 马剑虹[2] 时勘[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所 [2]浙江大学心理与行为科学学院,杭州310028

出　　处：《心理学报》2007年第5期901-908,共8页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70471060)

摘　　要：旨在探索基于组织分配公平的认知评价和决策行为的影响因素,为此提出了不公平阈限的概念,即在追求公平和谋求自我利益的动机权衡中,个体为了追求公平而愿意放弃的最高限度的个人利益。采用最后通牒博弈和独裁者博弈的二阶段实验范式,样本量为60。结果发现,工作绩效、工作能力均对个体的不公平阈限有显著的影响;对于公平判断和基于公平的回应行为,工作绩效起着首要作用,工作能力的影响次之,再次是对方的提议数额的影响。第一阶段对方提议的分配方案对被试越有利,则第二阶段被试的回应行为越有利于对方。排除能力差别的作用之后,职位差别并未引起不公平阈限的显著差异。根据研究结果,总结出分配公平的三项原则:绩效原则、能力原则和互惠原则。Distributive justice is important in predicting organizational outcomes such as satisfaction and commitment. So norms of distributive justice are crucial for organizational research and practice. Distributive justice norms may vary across cultures and eras. Research on this topic in Chinese context is scarce. The economic and social reconstruction in China since the 1980s could be reflected in the change of ideology of distributive justice. This research explored the effects of three factors, performance, competence and position, on distributive justice and their variation from the 1980s to the present. Neuroscientists discovered that the pursuit of self-interest and achievement of justice could constitute conflicting motives. We proposed the concept of threshold of injustice, defined as the maximum degree of self-interest one was willing to abnegate for the sake of justice. With this concept, we could study distributive justice in a multi-motive decision-making framework. The first experiment explored the effects of work performance and competence on distributive justice, through a 2 （high vs. low competence, between-subject） × 3 （performance： finishing 30%, 50%, 70% of the work, within-subject） design. In the second experiment we examined the effect of position after controlling the effect of competence, using a 2 （high vs. low competence, between-subject）× 2 （pure competence difference vs. competence plus position difference, within-subject） design. We designed a two-phase game composed of an Ultimatum Game and a Dictator Game. In the first phase, participants acted as Responders in the Ultimatum Game, deciding on accepting or rejecting the offer proposed by a virtual Proposer and evaluating fairness of him or her. In the second phase, participants＇ role changed to Dictator, proposing offer to the same virtual partner. Sixty Chinese undergraduate students participated in this research. Repeated ANOVA, stepwise regression and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. ANOVA Result

关 键 词：分配公平 不公平阈限 最后通牒博弈 独裁者博弈 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]