基于植物多样性的生态系统恢复动力学原理  

Dynamic principle of ecosystem restoration based on plant diversity

作　　者：王震洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第9期1965-1971,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金项目(2005-2025);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(10501-161);贵州大学人才基金资助项目(2003F00bs002).

摘　　要：生态系统恢复动力学是生态学的重要问题.本研究利用岛屿生物地理学、植物群落演替、生物多样性维持机制及生态系统功能等有关理论,推导了生态系统恢复动力学模型,并用半湿润常绿阔叶林次生演替阶段数据作了初步验证.基于动力学模型讨论了动力学原理.结果表明,生态系统恢复的动力学过程决定于生态系统恢复力F1、干扰力F2和环境阻力F3的综合作用.植物多样性恢复速度的变率与植物种丰富度呈反比,与生态系统恢复总动力F呈正比.生态系统恢复力F1和环境阻力F3是初始物种丰富度s0、特定地理区域资源环境状况的函数.干扰力是干扰强度系数b和物种丰富度s的函数.当生态系统存在有害干扰的条件下,物种丰富度不能达到生态系统最高物种丰富度sm.动力学模型显示,初始物种丰富度s0越小,生态系统恢复过程越具有逻辑斯蒂性.建立了生态系统恢复力、环境阻力和干扰力的计算模型和植物多样性、干扰对生态系统恢复的作用模型.生态系统恢复动力模型显示,植物多样性能增加生态系统恢复力,促进生态系统稳定性.The dynamics of ecosystem restoration is an important issue in ecology. Based on the theories of island biogeography, plant community succession, biodiversity sustaining mechanism and ecosystem function, a dynamic model of ecosystem restoration was deduced, and verified by the observation data on semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest at its secondary succession phase. The dynamic principle was discussed based on the analysis of the nature of the dynamic model. It was indicated that the dynamic process of ecosystem restoration was controlled by the integrative effect of ecosystem restoration force F1 , disturbance force F2 and environmental resistance F3. The change rate of plant diversity restoration was in inverse proportion to plant species richness, and in direct proportion to the total driving force of ecosystem restoration F. F1 and F3 were the functions of initial species richness so and environmental resources of restoring ecosystem, while F2 was the function of disturbance intensity and species richness. When the ecosystem was under negative disturbance, plant species richness was always lower than the highest species richness sm. The smaller the So, the stronger logistic the ecosystem restoration process would be. Mathematical models were established to calculate F1 , F2 and F3, and to estimate the effects of plant diversity and disturbance on ecosystem restoration. It was suggested that the increase of plant species richness could enhance ecosystem restoration potential, and promote ecosystem stability.

关 键 词：生物多样性 生态系统恢复动力学 生态系统功能 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]