不同海拔梯度高寒草地地上生物量与环境因子关系  

Relationships between aboveground biomass and environmental factors along an altitude gradient of alpine grassland

作　　者：李凯辉[1] 胡玉昆[1] 王鑫[1] 范永刚[1] 吾买尔.吾守 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆巴音郭椤蒙古自治州畜牧科学研究所,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第9期2019-2024,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所前沿领域项目(20049016);全球环境基金新疆草地资助项目(GEF).

摘　　要：以新疆天山南坡的巴音布鲁克高寒草地为研究对象,沿海拔每升高100m设置1块样地,共9个样地,研究了海拔梯度变化条件下高寒草地地上生物量与环境因子的关系.研究表明:紫花针茅、羊茅群落分布在海拔2460～2760m,地上生物量为52.2～75.9g.m-2,线叶嵩草+紫花针茅群落分布在海拔2860m,地上生物量为53.2g.m-2,线叶嵩草、天山羽衣草、细果苔草群落分布在海拔2960～3260m,地上生物量为62.1～107.4g.m-2;7—8月平均相对湿度对群落总的地上生物量影响较大;海拔与禾本科的地上生物量呈显著负相关,与莎草科呈显著正相关;7—8月平均气温是决定禾本科和莎草科功能群地上生物量的主导因子,回归方程分别为Y=13.467X-97.284和Y=171.699-15.331X;海拔与平均气温和pH值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与平均相对湿度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与速效N含量和土壤含水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05).In order to analyze the relationships between aboveground biomass and environmental factors along an altitude gradient of Bayanbulak alpine grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain, nine plots were selected, with each at 100 m interval of altitude. The results showed that Stipa purpurea and Festuca ovina communities distributed at the altitude from 2 460 to 2 760 m, and the aboveground biomass were 52.2-75.9 g ·m^-2 Kobresia capillifolia ＋ S. purpurea communities distributed at altitude 2860 m, and the aboveground biomass was 53.2 g ·m^-2 K. capillifolia, Alchemilla tianschanica and Carex stenocarpa distributed at the altitude from 2 860 to 3 260 m, and the aboveground biomass was 62. 1-107.4 g ·m^-2 The mean relative humidity in July and August had greater effects on the aboveground biomass. Altitude had a negative correlation with the aboveground biomass of gramineous functional group, but a positive correlation with that of sedge functional group. The mean air temperature in July and August was the key factor affecting the aboveground biomass of gramineous and sedge functional groups, and the stepwise regression equations were Y= 13. 467X - 97. 284 and Y = 171. 699 - 15. 331X, respectively （X represented mean air temperature, and Y represented aboveground biomass）. Altitude was negatively correlated with mean air temperature and soil pH value （P 〈 0.01 ）, and positively correlated with mean relative humidity （P 〈 0.01 ） and soil available nitrogen and water content （P 〈 0.05 ）.

关 键 词：天山 高寒草地 功能群 环境因子 海拔 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] Q948[农业科学—畜牧学]