石油烃污染场地环境风险评价与风险管理  

Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Contaminated Sites and Related Risk-Based Management Strategy

作　　者：曹云者[1] 施烈焰[1] 李丽和[1] 李发生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院土壤污染与控制研究室,北京100012

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2007年第3期265-272,共8页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：科技部社会公益研究专项(No.2005DIB3J161);BP石油公司环境改善部资助项目

摘　　要：石油烃污染场地是我国最突出环境问题之一,目前该领域的环境风险评价与管理仍十分薄弱.论文较系统地分析了国际上石油烃污染场地环境管理方法的特点和发展趋势,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了在我国建立基于风险的石油烃污染场地环境管理模式的对策建议,同时指出了问题最突出、形势最为紧迫的污染场地类型,即加油站和储油罐的渗漏问题.该类石油烃污染场地分布广,危害严重,需要高度重视这一方面的研究与环境管理.基于风险的石油烃污染场地环境管理中,污染场地的环境风险评价是核心内容.围绕这一中心问题,论文深入阐述了包括基于风险的场地分类方法、场地环境标准的制定、评价指标的选取以及模型方法的应用等内容,指出目前国际上对于石油烃污染场地管理的主流模式主要呈现4大特点:1)基于风险的场地管理取代了通用的、一刀切的环境质量标准;2)分层次的方法(Tiered Approach)得到广泛采用;3)指示污染物和石油馏分相结合的方法逐渐取代了基于总石油烃的评价方法;4)各种预测模型得到广泛应用.　China is now facing an increasingly serious environmental problem of the large number of widely spread petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated sites, yet management of these sites is still lack of effective methods. In this paper, a worldwide review of characteristics and trends of management methods in this field was conducted. Based on China＇s realities, a risk-based management strategy, which is now widely adopted in the world, is suggested for management of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated sites. At the same time, type of the most serious contaminated sites, i.e., leakage of service station and storage tanks, was pointed out and a high priority should definitely be given to. Several key technical aspects of the risk-based management, focused on risk assessment approach of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated sites, such as risk-based site classification methods, set-up of remediation standards, selection of assessment indices and development and application of modeling methods, were discussed. There are four main characteristics in widely adopted mode of management of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated sites, i.e., 1） the risk-based management replaced the general, uniform environmental quality standards; 2） the tiered approach was widely adopted; 3） the integration of indicator compounds and hydrocarbon fractions superseded the sole index of TPH; 4） various prediction models were widely used.

关 键 词：石油烃 污染场地 环境风险评价 基于风险的环境管理 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]