北京地区暖季对流天气的气候特征  

Climate Character Analysis of Convective Weather During Warm Season (May to September) in Beijing

作　　者：丁青兰[1] 王令[1] 陈明轩[2] 王迎春[2] 陶祖钰[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市气象台,北京100089 [2]北京城市气象研究所 [3]北京大学物理学院大气科学系

出　　处：《气象》2007年第10期37-44,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关计划课题"奥运气象保障技术研究"(2002BA904B05);2002年北京市重大科技计划项目"奥运会气象保障科学技术试验与研究"(H020620190091);"十五"国家科技攻关计划课题奥运科技专项"北京奥运会国际天气预报示范计划关键技术研究"(2003BA904B08)共同资助

摘　　要：对北京地区最近12年暖季(5—9月)雷暴、冰雹、暴雨和大风等各种对流天气进行了气候统计和分析。统计结果表明:北京地区暖季发生对流的概率很高,按日数统计的气候概率达47.77%,大风、暴雨和冰雹气候概率分别为27.29%、10.84%和6.29%。暴雨多发季节为7月中旬到8月上旬。冰雹集中于6月中、下旬。在对流天气的地理分布上,北京西北部、东北部山区及西南部山区多对流天气,中心区和东南部平原地区对流天气较少。暴雨呈西南—东北方向带状分布,东北部山区、中部和东南部平原地区多发生暴雨,而西北部和西南部山区很少发生暴雨。山区冰雹明显多于平原。西北部和东北部山区大风偏多。暴雨有明显的夜发性。冰雹集中发生在午后到傍晚,占冰雹总站次的76.72%。All kinds of convective weather such as thunder storms, hail, torrential rain and strong wind during warm season （from May to September） of recent 12 years in Beijing areas were statistically analyzed. It showed that the probability of convective weather is high. The climate probability of convection is 47.77 % by convection days. The climate probabilities of strong wind, torrential rain and hail are 27.29%, 10.84% and 6.29%, respectively. A majority of torrential rain occurs from the second ten days of July to the first ten days of August. However, hail commonly occurs in the second and the third ten days of June. The convective weather often geographically occurs in northwest and northeast mountain areas and southwest mountain areas of Beijing. Whereas, it seldom occurs in center and southwest plain areas of Beijing. The torrential rain often occurs in northeast mountain areas, central and southeast plain areas of Beijing, and it seldom occurs in northwest and southwest mountain areas. Mountain areas have more hail than in the plain areas. Strong winds often occurs in northwest and northeast mountain areas. Torrential rain often occurs in the night. Hail of 76.72 % occurs in the afternoon.

关 键 词：对流 气候统计 冰雹 暴雨 

分 类 号：P448[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]