相转移催化法合成十六烷值改进剂4,4-二硝基戊酸甲酯  

SYNTHESIS OF METHYL 4,4-DINITROPENTANOATE BY PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS USED AS DIESEL CETANE IMPROVER

作　　者：谢国华[1] 战风涛[1] 朱丽萍[1] 吕志凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学化学化工学院,东营257061

出　　处：《石油炼制与化工》2007年第9期57-61,共5页Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals

摘　　要：用二硝基乙烷钾和丙烯酸甲酯在相转移催化剂的作用下,通过Michael加成反应合成4,4-二硝基戊酸甲酯,产物可用作柴油十六烷值改进剂。研究了相转移催化剂的种类及反应条件对产物收率的影响,并用红外光谱和质谱对产物进行了鉴定。研究结果表明,以四丁基氯化铵作为相转移催化剂,在反应温度为25℃,n(水):n(二硝基乙烷钾)=20,反应时间0.50h,n(丙烯酸甲酯):n(二硝基乙烷钾)=3.0,催化剂用量为0.25%的条件下合成4,4-二硝基戊酸甲酯,产物收率可达79.9%,减压蒸馏后产物纯度可达到99.9%。Methyl 4, 4-dinitropentanoate was synthesized by Michael addition of potassium dinitroethane and methyl acrylate in the presence of phase-transfer catalyst （PTC）, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride,and the obtained compound could be used as cetane number improver of diesel fuel. Factors affected the product yield, such as the types of PTCs and the reaction conditions,were studied and the obtained product was identified by IR and GC/MS techniques. The results showed that using tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as PTC with a added dosage of 0.25% （based on potassium dinitroethane）,at a reaction temperature of 25 ℃, a mole ratio of water to potassium dinitroethane of 20, a mole ratio of methyl acrylate to pota 79.9%, and its ssium dinitroethane purity could be 99. of 9% 3.0 and a reaction time of 0.5 h, the product yield could reach after vacuum distillation.

关 键 词：十六烷值增进剂 二硝基戊酸甲酯 相转移催化剂 四丁基氯化铵 

分 类 号：TQ246[化学工程—有机化工]