长期施肥磷素盈亏及其对土壤磷素状况的影响  

Phosphorus Balances and Its Effects on Soil Phosphorus Status under a 12-year Long-term Fertilization

作　　者：杨学云[1] 孙本华[1] 古巧珍[1] 李生秀[1] 郝兴顺 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]汉中市农科所,陕西汉中723002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2007年第5期118-123,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2005CB121102)资助;西北农林科技大学2006年校专项基金资助

摘　　要：利用12年长期定位试验研究了长期施肥不同处理土娄土磷素去向和盈亏（平衡）及其对耕层土壤全磷、Olsen P的影响，结果表明，作物吸磷量随施磷量的增加而有所增加，作物对磷的利用有奢侈吸收现象；土壤耕层全磷、Olsen P及其增加量与土壤磷素盈亏呈极显著直线正相关；随肥料施入土壤的磷主要累积在土壤耕层（0～20 cm），施肥过高，特别是化肥配合有机肥施用会引起磷向土壤剖面下层淋移，M1NPK、M2NPK、SNPK、NPK和PK处理分别有34.7、33.0、2.2、8.8和6.4%的磷在100 cm土体内去向不明，有可能被淋洗到更深的土体中。长期不平衡或大量施磷，磷累积表观利用率低于15%，而平衡施肥，可以达到40%以上。This study investigated soil phosphorus balance, soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus at plough layers （0420 cm） following a long-term fertilizer experiment of 12 years. The resuits showed that amounts of phosphorus uptake by crop increased with the increase of phosphorus application, aluxury uptake of P by crop was observed. TotalP, Olsen-P and their increment caused by P applying were significantly and positively linear correlated with soil P balances. The applied fertilizer P was mostly retained in the plough layer. However, in the treatments of over-fertilized with phosphorus （Chemical fertilizer P combined with manure） led to P moving to the deeper soil layers. The unaccounted P within 100 cm depth was 34. 7, 33. 0, 2. 2, 8. 8 and 6. 4 % for the treatments of M2NPK, M1NPK, SNPK, NPK and PK, which probably leached down to the deeper soil layers. Apparent P use efficiency was less than 15%, under over-fertilized or imbalance fertilized treatments whereas it was improved up to above 40% for balanced fertilization.

关 键 词：Olsen-磷 全磷 磷素盈亏 磷表观利用率 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]