股骨颈骨折保守治疗继发移位及头坏死的调查分析  

Analysis of secondary displacement and femoral head necrosis after conservative treatment in undisplaced femoral neck fractures

作　　者：黎宁[1] 彭阿钦[2] 曹晶[3] 郭锐[4] 张国山[5] 于金河[1] 耿娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]石家庄市第三医院骨科,050011 [2]河北医科大学第三医院骨科创伤急救中心 [3]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院护理部 [4]邢台市人民医院骨科 [5]河北省胸科医院骨科

出　　处：《中国矫形外科杂志》2007年第18期1364-1366,共3页Orthopedic Journal of China

摘　　要：[目的]通过股骨颈无移位骨折保守治疗病例的临床调查,分析继发移位及头坏死的发生原因。[方法]采用回顾性分析的方法,2000年1月～2004年1月,216例股骨颈骨折病人伤后早期接受保守治疗,其中186例病人符合入选标准。男82例,女104例,平均67.5岁。其中141例病人卧床休息,穿丁字鞋,4周后扶双拐开始行走。45例病人伤后第3d开始扶双拐下地。发现骨折移位后均给予手术治疗。髋关节正位X线片示骨折线模糊为骨折愈合,股骨头内出现硬化灶或囊肿(FicatⅡ期)诊断为股骨头早期坏死。[结果]68例患者(36.6%)骨折Ⅰ期愈合,118例患者(63.4%)发生骨折继发移位,发现移位平均时间是伤后16d(2～68d)。Ⅰ期愈合组病人中,17例患者出现股骨头坏死,发生率为25%。发现坏死时间为8～50个月,其中18～24个月最多,有13例。继发移位组病人中,92例行闭合复位空心螺钉内固定手术,其中55例发生头坏死,发生率为59.8%;发现坏死时间为4～18个月,其中6～12个月最多,有36例。26例切开复位空心螺钉内固定手术,19例发生头坏死,发生率为73%;发现坏死时间为3～12个月,其中3～6个月最多,有11例。[结论]股骨颈无移位骨折保守治疗的患者承受较高的继发移位和股骨头坏死的风险,所以作者建议早期手术治疗无移位型股骨颈骨折。　[Objective]Through the clinical investigation of the conversative treatment of undisplaced femoral necks,to analyze the occurrence of secondary displacement and femoral head necrosis.[Method]The medical records of 216 patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures who were primarily treated conservatively from January,2000 to January,2004 were analyzed.Among that,186 cases is in accordance with the selected standard,which were consisted of 82 men and 104 women.（the average age 67.5）.One hundred and forty-one fractures were given to bed rest in rotation-proof shoes,and walking on the crutches was followed after four weeks.Forty-five patients began to get out of bed with double crutches on the third day.When displacement happened,the operation was carried out.Once X-rays showed the fracture line unclearly,it is considered as bone healing.The early stage of femoral head necrosis was defined by sclerotic region or cyst in the femoral head.[Result]Sixty-eight fractures（36.6%） united and secondary considered displacement occurred in 118 cases（63.4%）; the average time was 16 days （2～68 d） after injury when the displacement is found.In all primary healing patients,femoral head necrosis rate was 25%.The discovery time of necrosis was between 4 and 18 months,the most was 36 cases in the interval of 6 to 12 months.As for patients of secondary displacement,92 for closed reduction and hollow screws fixation,and the head necrosis happened in 55 patients（59.8%）.The discovery time was from 4 to 18 months,the most in 6 to 12 months was 36 cases.The operation of open reduction and internal fixation with hollow screws was in 26 cases,73% of necrosis rate for it.The time was range from 3 to 12 months,11 case was the most in the period of 3 to 6 months.[Conclusion]Undispalced femoral neck fractures treated conservatively bear higher risk of secondary displacement and femoral head necrosis.In addition with more mortality and general complications,we therefore recommend primary operative stabilization of undi

关 键 词：股骨颈骨折 保守治疗 继发移位 股骨头坏死 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]