一个三维需求模型及其对涉众协同的支持  

A Tri-Dimensional Requirements Model and Its Support for Stakeholder Coordination

作　　者：王继喆[1] 李明树[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院软件研究所互联网软件技术实验室

出　　处：《软件学报》2007年第10期2380-2392,共13页Journal of Software

基　　金：Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60273026; 60573082 (国家自然科学基金);the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2001AA113080 (国家高技术研究发展计划(863))

摘　　要：在多涉众(stakeholder)参加的协同开发活动中,不同的涉众关注软件开发的不同方面,例如技术、过程、人.由于涉众的"赢条件(win condition)"之间的相互影响冲突往往是隐含的,所以,它们之间的冲突不容易被发现,导致各方共赢的均衡状态难以达成.提出了一个三维的需求模型TRISO-RM(tri-dimensional integrated software requirements model),通过它来描述和集成涉众对于软件开发不同方面的赢条件.在此基础上,通过由一组互相依赖的制品、活动、参与者所构成的TRISO-Element作为媒介,以发现、建立和维护不同赢条件之间的关系.基于TRISO-RM,分析了涉众目标冲突的一种典型形式——模型冲突(model clash)所发生的机理,并给出了发现与解决的过程.通过在软件质量管理平台SoftPM的开发中的实践应用,TRISO-RM方法对于涉众协同支持的有效性得到了验证.In collaborative software development, WinWin state is hard to achieve because stakeholders are concerned about different aspects of software development： such as technology, human, and process. Frequently the influences among the win conditions of stakeholders are implicit thus the conflicts are hard to find. This paper uses a tri-dimensional requirements model, named TRISO-RM, to describe the win conditions of stakeholders on different aspects of software development. TRISO-Elements, each of which is formed by interconnected actors, an artifact, and an activity, are used as the medium to find, build and maintain the relationships among stakeholder win conditions. The production mechanism of model clashes is discussed and the process to find and avoid them is presented based on TRISO-RM. In particular, the application in the development of SoftPM is described to illustrate and validate the TRISO-RM method.

关 键 词：需求模型 三维需求模型 涉众协同 模型冲突 赢条件 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]