降雨-径流-土壤混合层深度研究进展  

Review on the mixing zone depth of rainfall—runoff—soil interaction

作　　者：张亚丽[1] 李怀恩[1] 张兴昌[2] 孟庆香[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]河南农业大学资环学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2007年第9期283-290,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(90610030);陕西省教育厅省级重点实验室重点科研计划项目(05JS35);国家科技攻关计划(2006);西安理工大学优秀博士学位论文基金(106-210623)

摘　　要：降雨-径流-土壤混合层深度是模拟表层土壤-水-化学物质混合体内微观机制和宏观行为的一个重要参数。该文对混合层深度的基础理论以及实际应用等进行了综述,探讨了存在的问题和今后的方向研究。混合层深度受降雨因素、下垫面条件和溶质性质等影响,有关的概念和模型主要包括完全混合深度、不完全混合深度、有效作用深度、有效传递深度和等效径流迁移深度等,一般均采用示踪法和率定模型法确定,主要用于模拟土壤溶质随地表径流迁移过程、估算非点源污染物输出负荷和衡量土壤养分有效性。今后应扩大试验模拟和理论研究的尺度和对象,加强混合层深度和溶质径流迁移过程对近地表土壤水文条件和土壤侵蚀的响应研究,用混合层深度模型或确定各区域适宜的深度值代替非点源污染模型中的1.0 cm深度,以提高模拟精度。Thickness of soil layer interacting with overland flow through turbulent mixing, convection, and diffusion, etc. , and contributing chemicals to surface runoff during a rainfall event is defined as the depth of mixing zone. It is a useful value＇to simulate the micro-mechanisms and behavioral traits in the compound body of topsoil-water-solute. The backgrounds, practical applications, existing problems and future directions of the mixing zone dexpth were reviewed. Rain intensity and duration, infiltration rate, degree of slope, soil cover, and chemical solubility and adsorption characteristics are the main effects on the depth of mixing zone. Different notions and models of the mixing zone depth were successively proposed, such as uniform and complete mixing depth, uniform but incomplete or nonuniform and incomplete mixing depth, effective depth of interaction, effective depth of transport, and effective depth of transport by runoff. The available methods to determine it are isotope or other chemicals tracing, and model calibrations, etc. As a key parameter to model soil solute release and transport with surface runoff, and to predict nonpoint source pollution load, it is also a useful tool to evaluate soil nutrient validity. The more researches in the future should be conducted on large-scale simulation, some reac- tive solutes, and the influences of near-surface soil and water conditions, soil erosion and chemical reactions in soil on the depth of mixing zone. Furthermore, its models or modified value suiting to some regions, especially to mountainous regions with more serious problems of soil erosion, are suggested to replace the 1.0 cm value in forecasting Nonpoint Source Pollution（NPS） pollution load.

关 键 词：降雨径流 土壤化学物质 混合层深度 非点源污染 

分 类 号：S159.1[农业科学—土壤学]