基于DEM的黄土丘壑区动力学流域水沙数学模型应用研究—以黄河中游两个典型小流域为例  

Application of DEM-based runoff and sediment yield modeling in the Hilly Loess region—Case study on two typical small catchments in the middle stream of Yellow River

作　　者：杨涛[1] 陈界仁[1] 姚文艺[2] 史学建[2] 黄国如[3] 解河海[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [3]华南理工大学土木工程学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2007年第5期583-591,共9页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金(1069/40304018);南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(JK20050305);水利部科技创新项目(SCX2002-08)

摘　　要：该文以黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域-岔巴沟流域为研究对象，首先采用地理信息系统（GIS）对坡度和土地利用方式等侵蚀产沙环境因子提取分析，提出基于网格的超渗产流模型和基于运动波理论的栅格型坡面汇流模型，然后采用Preissmann四点隐式差分进行方程的离散求解。另外根据研究区地形及地貌特点将其分为梁峁坡、沟谷坡和沟槽三种垂直分带侵蚀单元，采用力学分析建立其侵蚀产沙公式和分布式坡面流运动波模型进行耦合求解。本模型在岔巴沟流域1970～2001年17场水沙过程的模拟和验证结果表明：产汇流、产沙计算平均确定性系数分别为0．69、0．58。杏子河流域验证结果也表明该模型对黄丘区水土流失时空过程的模拟计算具有一定精度，模型预测成果可为黄土高原水保规划和生态建设等提供更为精细和科学的决策依据。A DEM-based distributed sediment yield model was developed and applied in a small watershed of hilly loess region by using GIS technique. Theories of runoff excess and kinematic wave for discribing surface runoff generation and move in the hilly slope were adopted in the model development, and the finite-difference method was used in the paper too. Quantitative estiamtion of the soil erosion amount was based on topography characteristics of loess slope, gully slope and groove. The Chabagou catchment located in the middle stream of Yellow River which is with an extremely high soil loss rate in China was selected for model application. Analysis results show that the model is capable to simulate runoff process and soil erosion in hilly loess region.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 流域水沙数模 侵蚀产沙 DEM(数字高程模型) 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：TV143.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]