追氮时期对优质小麦氮素吸收·运转和籽粒产量的影响  

Influence of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Nitrogen Uptake,Translocation and Grain Yield of Wheat with Good Quality

作　　者：李光忠[1] 王明友[1] 薛玉剑[1] 杨秀凤 尚会芹 

机构地区：[1]德州学院农学系,山东德州253023 [2]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253013

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2007年第31期9870-9872,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]揭示小麦不同追氮时期的氮素利用机制。[方法]采用同位素示踪技术，研究了不同时期追施氮肥对优质小麦氮素吸收、分布、运转和产量的影响。[结果]结果表明：在该试验条件下，小麦吸收的氮素中，来自土壤的占73．36％-78．58％，来自肥料的占21．42％～26．64％。拔节期和挑旗期追施氮肥可促进植株对氮素的吸收，尤其是对肥料氮的吸收，提高氮素开花期穗器官和成熟期籽粒的分配量和分配比例，促使开花后营养器官的氮素向籽粒转移。小麦籽粒氮素的74．08％～80．28％是开花前营养体氮的调运，各营养器官对籽粒的贡献大小为叶片〉茎〉穗轴＋颖壳〉叶鞘〉根。适期追氮增加了穗粒数，提高了收获指数和产量。[结论]不同时期追氮对小麦的氮素代谢、产量和品质具有明显的调节作用。[Objective] The study aimed to reveal nitrogen （N） using mechanism of wheat in different N topdressing stage. [Method] The influences of dressing N in different stages on N uptake, distribution, translocation and yield of wheat with good quality were studied by isotope tracing technique. [Resuit] Under the expethnental condition, 73.36% - 78.58% of N absorbed by wheat was from soil and 21.42% - 26.64% of that was from fertilizer. On the jointing and flagging stage, topdressing N fertilizer could promote the N absorption of plant, especially on fertilizer N and enhance distribution amounts and distribution proportion of N in ear organ during florescence and grain during mature stage, and promote shift of N in vegetative organs to grain after florescence. The 74.08% - 80.28% of N in wheat grain was allocated and transported from vegetative N before florescence, and the contribution of vegetative organs to grain： leaf blade 〉 stem 〉 ear axis ＋ glume 〉 leaf sheath 〉 root. Dressing N during suitable time increased grain number per ear, enhanced harvest index and output. [Conclusion]Topdressing N fertilizer in different stages had obvious regulation effect on the N metabolism, yield and quality of wheat.

关 键 词：追氮时期 冬小麦 氮素 代谢 产量 

分 类 号：S147.32[农业科学—肥料学]