人参(Panax ginseng)的氮过剩现象──人参氮毒原因初探  

A PHENOMENON OF NITROGEN EXCESS IN PANAX GINSENG─A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CAUSE OF NITROGEN TOXICITY TO GINSENG

作　　者：高金方[1] 金龙南[1] 赵述文[1] 赵兰珍[1] 张树仁 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,公主岭131600

出　　处：《土壤学报》1997年第2期206-211,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：1985-1990年间，我们在长白县及公主岭进行的四次NPK三要素试验中，发现氮肥抑制了人参生长发育，降低了产量（5％显著水准），而倍量氮肥，减产达1％显著水平。继续研究证明，人参硝酸还原酶活力（NRA）甚低，追施氮肥使组织，积累，促进了呼吸作用，植株干物中N、Si及Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量增加，Ca、Mg、K、Na等阳离子减少，表现出氮毒征象。本文称氮过剩症，它是指氮素供应超过了由极低NRA催化的转化代谢速率，而引起的一种毒害现象。During 1985-1990 we conducted 4 field experiments on N, P and K to ginseng on solis of Changbai County and Gongzhuling City.All the results showed that nitrogen retarded plant growth and decreased yield of ginseng mostly at 5% significance level and even to the level of 1% when the rate of N doubled. By successive study,we found that the nitrate reductase acitvity (NRA) of ginseng was so low that the NO3 absorded could not be reduced promptly and was accumulated in the tissues, and that, compared with control, the N, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn contents incrased in N fertilized ginseng tissues, P and such cations as Ca, Mg, K and Na decreased, and the respiration rate of ginseng shoot accelerated (44.8% over control) by N top dressing. These have ever been described as N toxicity in literature. In this paper we tentatively refer to this physiological tokicity as 'N excess', which is caused by the fact that the N supply is too much to transfer instantly by low NRA.

关 键 词：人参 硝酸还原酶 氮 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]