基于云南黄连的混农林系统及其保护潜能——滇西北定点研究  

Coptis teeta-based Agroforestry System and Its Conservation Potential:A Case Study from Northwest Yunnan

作　　者：黄骥[1] 龙春林[1] 石亚娜（译） 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南省昆明市650204 [2]不详

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2007年第4期325-330,347,共6页

摘　　要：云南黄连Coptis teeta(毛茛科)仅分布于滇西北及印度东北部地区,是一种非木材森林产品(NTFP)。云南黄连的根茎被称作"云连"或"云黄连",在传统的中药体系中应用已久,具有抗菌消炎的功效。目前,对云南黄连日益增长的需求量使得野生种群的数量由于采挖过度而大幅度减少,并且处于灭绝的边缘。不过,在滇西北怒江傈傈族地区传统的云连混农林系统中,还种植着至少2000hm^2的云南黄连,为我们研究其保护与可持续利用之间的协调关系提供了有价值的研究范例。该研究运用民族植物学原理及野外调查的方法,对怒江地区云南黄连的传统管理系统及栽培历史进行了调查。在初始成本投入、经济收入以及劳力需求方面,我们将栽植云南黄连与该地区其它主要土地利用方式进行了对比。结果表明:与当地最主要的土地利用形式——轮歇农业相比,栽植云南黄连不仅能从低劳力、低投入获得丰厚的经济收入,而且在时间上不与其它生计农业生产活动相冲突。这种混农林系统,能为当地林区群众带来稳定收入、保护森林的多样性,是一种能长期维护森林多样性的保护策略,表明了当地居民有效地管理生物多样性的方法。Coptis teeta (Ranunculaceae),is a nontimber forest product (NTFP) that only grows in northwest Yunnan and northeast India.Its tenuous rhizome, known as 'Yunnan goldthread' in the traditional Chinese medicine system, has been used as an antibacterial and as an anti-inflammatory medicine for a long time.The increasing demand has resulted in commercial harvesting pressure on wild populations that were already dwindling as a result of deforestation,ana wild populations are at risk of extinction.Fortunately, there exists at least 2000 hectares of a C.teeta-based agroforestry system initiated by the Lisu people in Nujiang,northwest Yunnan.This cultivation supplies us with a valuable study case for the balance between conservation ana sustainable use.This case study investigated the traditional management system and history of C.teeta in Nujiang through ethnobotanical methods and field investigation.We also contrasted initial costs,economic returns, and labor demands for C.teeta cultivation with other major land uses in the region.Compared with swidden agriculture,the major land-use type in the region,C.teeta cultivation offers high economic returns and low labor and initial costs;moreover,C.teeta cultivation does not interfere with subsistence agricultural duties.This agroforestry system reflected that the cultivation of NTFPs is a conservation strategy for maintaining forest diversity,while providing a stable economic return to local forest communities,and indicates how local people manage biodiversity effectively.

关 键 词：混农林系统 保护策略 滇西北 黄连 云南 土地利用方式 生物多样性 定点 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]