花尾榛鸡冬季活动区及社群行为  

WINTER HOME RANGE CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF HAZEL GROUSE

作　　者：孙悦华[1] 方昀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《动物学报》1997年第1期34-41,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：无线电遥测结果表明,长白山冬季花尾榛鸡的月活动区大小为22.5～6.52hm^2。11月至1月,随着天气变冷,花尾榛鸡的活动区面积明显减小(P<0.001)。冬季花尾榛鸡的日活动范围很小,平均466±127m^2。整个冬季花尾榛鸡的活动中心区出现阶段性改变。花角榛鸡对其活动区有一定的依赖性。花尾榛鸡冬季不存在明显的领域,出现集群行为,这与其栖息地食物丰富与抵御天敌有关。花尾榛鸡集群的组织结构是松散的,缺乏义务性,集群中的个体关系有亲疏,存在2只或2只以上个体组成的小组,同组个体之间的距离大多数情况在150～200m以内的联系范围内。推测花尾榛鸡集群时的活动区面积增大。In winter 1993 - 1994, we studied home range and social behaviour of Hazel Grouse (Bonasa bonasia) using radio-tracking in the Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, northeast of China.The home range size decreased from 22.5 hm2 in November to 6.5 hm2 in January (using MCP method), when the weather became colder and colder The Hazel Grouse changed their core areas of home range every 10 - 15 days during the winter (Figure 1).In winter, the Hazel Grouse spent most of their day time in the snow burrows, daily range was only 466 ± 127m2.The grouse showed fidelity to their home ranges, after being chased to 600 - 800m away, they returned to their home range in 1-2 days.Different from the results in Sweden, the Hazel Grouse in the Changbai Mountain did not hold evident territories during the winter. They formed flocks with sizes of 4.83 ±0.64 (n =24) birds (maximum 18 birds) and the average group size of all observations was 2.20 ±0.24(n=89).Two radio-tracked females in one flock showed that the relationships between the members in a flock were different, smaller units, groups, existed in the flock. The members associated as loose groups, but our two females showed preference of being together when they could contact each other by calls within 200 m, maybe to gain the benefit of cooperative alliances against natural enemies.We investigated the flock rate changes and their relationship with the home range size from November to January, and supposed that the home range would enlarge when the birds were in flocks.

关 键 词：鸟纲 花尾榛鸡 活动区 冬季 社群行为 

分 类 号：Q959.725[生物学—动物学]