玉竹雄配子的发育——着重阐明质体在生殖细胞和营养细胞中的分布和变化  

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE IN POLYGONATUM SIMIZUI-WITH EMPHASIS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHANGE OF PLASTIDS IN GENERATIVE AND VEGETATIVE CELLS

作　　者：胡适宜[1] 罗玉英[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1997年第1期1-6,共6页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：玉竹(Polygonatum simizui Kitag)小孢子在分裂前,质体极性分布导致分裂后形成的生殖细胞不含质体,而营养细胞包含了小孢子中全部的质体。生殖细胞发育至成熟花粉时期,及在花粉管中分裂形成的两个精细胞中始终不含质体。虽然生殖细胞和精细胞中都存在线粒体,但细胞质中无DNA类核。玉竹雄性质体的遗传为单亲母本型。在雄配子体发育过程中,营养细胞中的质体发生明显的变化。在早期的营养细胞质中,造粉质体增殖和活跃地合成淀粉。后期,脂体增加而造粉质体消失。接近成熟时花粉富含油滴。对百合科的不同属植物质体被排除的机理及花粉中贮藏的淀粉与脂体的转变进行了讨论。It was found that the different development of generative and vegetative cells in Polygo-natum simizui Kitag attributed to the polar distribution of plastids, in the microspore cytoplasm prior to mitosis, consequently the generative cell contained no plastids while the vegetative cell received all the plastids. During the development of the generative cell up to mature pollen stage and the formation of two sperm cells in the pollen tube, there were no plastids in their cytoplasm. Although mitochondria were present both in the generative and sperm cells, no DNA nucleoids were detected in their cytoplasm. Therefore the inheritance of plastids in Polygonatum simizui was catalogued as a uniparental maternal type. During male gametophyte development, evident change occurred in the plastids of the vegetative cytoplasm. In early stage, amyloplasts of the vegetative cytoplasm increased in number with active starch, which disappeared in late stage and were replaced by increasing lipid bodies. Thus when pollen grains approach to maturation they contain numerous oil drops. The dif- ferent mechanism of plastid ellimination in Liliaceae and the transformation from starch grains to lipid bodies are discussed.

关 键 词：玉竹 百合科 雄配子 质体 生殖细胞 营养细胞 

分 类 号：Q949.718.2[生物学—植物学]