桃儿七繁殖生物学研究  

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SINOPODOPHYLLUM HEXANDRUM(ROYLE)YING(BERBERIDACEAE)

作　　者：马绍宾[1] 徐正尧[1] 胡志浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生物系,昆明650091

出　　处：《西北植物学报》1997年第1期49-55,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院昆明植物研究所"生物多样性与生物地理学开放实验室"资助

摘　　要：以居群为单位研究了桃儿七的繁殖生物学，指出桃儿七为适应分布区内生长季节短暂的环境条件，花各部分的形态在开花前一年就已开始分化，并形成一休眠芽，但大小孢子还尚未进行减数分裂。到了第二年春天气温回升之后，大小孢子方才进行减数分裂，并在减数分裂之后，植株通过茎基部的居间生长将花及叶带出地面。桃儿七在开花时先花后叶。花在露出土面的第二、三天随即开放。虽然桃儿七具有一系列适应干虫煤传粉的形态结构和生物学特征，但同时也具有许多和自花授粉有关的适应机制。桃儿七在开花习性及花部形态上常表现出多态。在自然状况下，桃儿七是一种以自花授粉为主的植物，它的有性生殖良好，每株性成熟植株平均可产生60粒左右的种子，多者可达180粒。由种子萌发长成的植株大约需要5－6年的时间方才性成熟。在一般条件下，桃儿七行有性生殖，但在环境条件良好时，也可通过根茎来进行营养繁殖。桃儿七为二倍体，12条染色体组成6个联锁群，在减数分裂时，交叉发生较少。桃儿七具有较大当前适合度，亦具有一定的进化灵活度。The breeding system of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Himalayan Mayapple) hasbeen studied in this paper, the results are presented as follow: In order to adapt the environtnent of short growing season, all morphology of the flower of Sinopodophyllumhexandrum has been forrned in the former year of blossoming, but megasporocyte andmicrosporocyte has not processed meiosis. Flower passes frigid winter and early springin form of dormant bud. In next spring, when temperature goes up and arrivals at athresheld temperature(about 7℃), megasporocyte and microsporocyte begains to meiosis, after meiosis, plant brings flower and leaves out of the earth by intercalary growthand in bloom in two or three days. Flower blossomes be fore leaves grow up. The planthas a series morphorlogical and bliological character adapt to self-pollination, but meanwhile it also has many mechnisms concerning with allogamy. The plant often showspolymorphornism in blossoming habits and flower morphorlogy. In natural condition,Himalayan Mayapple mainly processes autogamy, sexual reproduction is good. In averagy, each individual can produce about 60 seeds,maximum is about 180. The time oflife cycle is about 5 or 6 years. In favourable environment, Himalayan Mayapple alsoprocess vegetative propagation with rhizome. Himalayan Mayapple is diploid, 2n=2x=12. There are fewer chismas during meiosis. Over all,Himalayan Mayapple has comperatively larger present fitness and a bit of evolutionary flexibility.

关 键 词：小檗科 桃儿七 繁殖 繁殖生物学 

分 类 号：Q949.746.8[生物学—植物学]