华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系土壤硝态氮的适宜含量  

Appropriate soil nitrate N content for a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in North China Plain

作　　者：崔振岭[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 徐久飞[2] 石立委[2] 李俊良[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]莱阳农学院农学系,山东莱阳265200

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第10期2227-2232,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30390084);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B03;2006BAD10B08);中国农业大学博士启动基金资助项目.

摘　　要：采用冬小麦季不同施氮处理(夏玉米季不施氮)研究了华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系夏玉米季土壤硝态氮的适宜含量.结果表明:在播前土壤无机氮含量较高的条件下,冬小麦季施用150kgN.hm-2即可满足冬小麦/夏玉米两季作物的氮素需求;各氮肥处理在冬小麦季的氮肥施用当季的利用率仅为11%～23%,在夏玉米季氮肥残效利用率则高达30%～52%.当夏玉米播前0～90cm土层硝态氮含量达到82kg.hm-2时,无需施氮即可保证夏玉米十叶期的生长,达到151kg.hm-2时,无需施氮即可保证整个生育期的生长.夏玉米十叶期和收获后0～90cm土层硝态氮含量低于46和65kg.hm-2时,则影响作物正常生长.综合考虑产量和环境效应,冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中0～90cm土层硝态氮含量应控制在65～151kg.hm-2之间.A field experiment with 12-level N fertilization in winter wheat growth season and zero-N in summer maize growth season was conducted to study the appropriate soil nitrate N content for a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in North China Plain. The results showed that when the soil mineral N content before sowing was higher, a split application of 150 kg N · hm^-2 in winter wheat growth season could meet the N demand of both winter wheat and summer maize in the rotation system. The N use efficiency of winter wheat in different N treatments was only from 11% to 23% , while the residual N use efficiency of summer maize ranged from 30% to 52%. When the nitrate N content in top 90 cm soil layer before maize sowing was up to 82 and 151 kg · hm^-2, respectively, the N demand of summer maize at its ten-leaf stage and in its whole growth season could be met with no N application. However, when the nitrate N content in top 90 cm soil layer was less than 46 and 65 kg · hm^-2 at maize ten-leaf stage and after harvest, respectively, no N application could impact maize growth, and decrease its grain yield. With the maize yield and environmental protection considered comprehensively, the nitrate N content in top 90 cm soil layer should be maintained at an appropriate level from 65 to 151 kg · hm^-2 during maize growth season.

关 键 词：氮肥利用率 氮肥残效利用率 土壤硝态氮含量 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S513