蚤类对杀虫剂敏感性测定方法的研究与应用  

Study on the method of contact insecticide effective bioassay on fleas and it's application

作　　者：孟凤霞[1] 刘小闪[1] 任东升[1] 王磊[1] 宋元圆[1] 刘起勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2007年第5期357-359,共3页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的建立触杀性药剂对蚤类的毒力测定方法，为跳蚤对化学药剂的敏感性评估、抗药性选育、抗性遗传研究和化学药剂的开发提供基本技术。方法将用丙酮或无水乙醇配制的药液100μl加在035mm的滤纸药膜上，20min后放入50ml离心管盖中，接15匹左右成蚤于试管（底部有20个00．5mm小孔以通气）中，旋紧盖子并倒置。在温度（25±1）℃、相对湿度（80±5）％的培养箱中接触药膜24h，检查死虫数，计算LC50及95％置信限。同时对测定方法进行评估和应用此方法测定印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤和猫栉首蚤对溴氰菊酯的敏感性。结果在印鼠客蚤成虫羽化后的第5、26、30、37天，未吸血成蚤（♀：♂=1：0．2～1：3．1）对溴氰菊酯的LC50为0．1236～0．2371μg·ai／cm^2，差异无统计学意义；雌性与雄性成蚤的LC50分别为0．2068（0．1007～0．4874）和0．2234（0．1986～0．2529）μg·ai／cm^2，差异亦无统计学意义；而吸血后的成蚤其LC50为0．3283（0．2618～0．4359）μg·ai／cm^2，敏感性显著降低。印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤和猫栉首蚤对溴氰菊酯的LC50分别为0．1236（0、0905～0．1578）、0．0071（0．0052～0．0103）和11．4708（5．8633～43．6013）μ·ai／cm^2。结论该方法具有操作方便、能够避免成蚤逃逸、可重复性强的特点；但应该注意试虫、药剂和测定方法的标准化。Objective To establish a method for flea susceptibility bioassay to contact insecticides, and to supply an easy technology for the study of fleas insecticide susceptibility evolution, resistance selection, resistance inheritance, and insecticide exploitation. Methods Applied 100 μl insecticide acetone or ethanol solution on a 35 mm diameter filter paper disk, put it into a 50 ml centrifugal tube lid, about 15 adult fleas were pleased into the tube with 20 holes （diameter 0.5 mm） and than covered and fastened the lid immediately, inversed the tube to let fleas contact the insecticide freely. Treated insects were held in an incubator without light, a temperature of （25 ± 1 ） ℃ , and RH（80 ± 5） % . The survivors were recorded after 24 h, LC50 s and 95% fiducial limits were estimated by DPS system. The method was estimated and applied for susceptibility bioassay of Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis, Ctenocephalides felis felis. Results There were no significant difference of susceptibility to deltamethrin among 5, 26, 30 and 37 d eclosion non-suck blood meal X. cheopis with a sex ratio ♀ ： ♂ = 1：0.2-1 ： 3.1, the LC50 s were from 0. 1236 to 0. 2371 μg·ai/cm^2 . The LC50 s of female and male were 0. 2068 （0. 1007- 0. 4874 ） and 0. 2234 （0. 1986-0. 2529）μg·ai/cm^2 respectively, they were very similar. Comparing to non-blood suck fleas, fleas sucked blood meal with a LC50 value 0. 3283（0. 2618-0. 4359）μg·ai/cm^2 decreased susceptibility significantly. For L. segnis, X. cheopis and C. felis felis, the LC50 s were 0. 1236 （0.0905-0. 1578）, 0.0071 （0.0052-0.0103） and 11.4708 （5. 8633-43. 6013）μg·ai/cm^2 respectively, there was a very significant difference among them. Conclusion This contact insecticide effective evaluating method is characterized by easily operating, avoiding the fleas escaping, higher repetitive, but standard testing insect, the same insecticide and standard method should be used.

关 键 词：生物学测定方法 印鼠客蚤 缓慢细蚤 猫栉首蚤 溴氰菊酯 触杀效果 

分 类 号：R384.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] S481.4[医药卫生—基础医学]