超(近)临界水中无机盐的脱除  

Precipitation of Salt in Near-and Super-Critical Water

作　　者：单祥雷[1] 程振民[1] 袁佩青[1] 方向晨[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学化学工程联合国家重点实验室,上海200237 [2]抚顺石油化工研究院,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《华东理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第5期606-609,638,共5页Journal of East China University of Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市科委重点基础研究项目(03JC14024)

摘　　要：无机盐在超(近)临界水中的溶解度极低,这为超临界水脱盐的研究提供了理论依据。根据溶液浓度与电导率的函数关系,在自制小型反应器中,考察了不同超(近)临界状态下NaCl溶液的盐析行为,同时分析了温度和压力对于脱盐效果的影响。实验结果表明:高温低压的反应条件有利于无机盐的脱除,当压力为23.1 MPa、温度为673 K时,得到的NaCl水溶液的质量分数为7.4×10-5;在水的临界点附近NaCl的溶解度变化极为剧烈,在23.1 MPa的压力下,从643 K升温到663 K,NaCl水溶液的浓度降低了30倍。The solubility of the inorganic salt is quite low in near- and super-critical water, and this makes desalinization in supercritical water possible. By the use of the relation between the concentration and electric conductivity of the solution, desalination of sodium chloride in a self-made small reactor at different supercritical conditions is studied and the influences of the pressure and temperature on desalinization is investigated. Experiments show that increasing the temperature and lowering the pressure are helpful for desalination, and the concentration of the solution is decreased to w= 7.4 × 10^-5 at temperature 673 K and pressure 23.1 MPa; The solubility of sodium chloride changes sharply in the vicinity of the critical point of water; When the temperature is raised from 643 K to 663 K at the pressure 23.1 MPa, the concentration of the solution of sodium chloride is decreased by 30 times.

关 键 词：超(近)临界水 脱盐 溶解度 电导率 氯化钠 

分 类 号：TQ085.4[化学工程]