百日草柱头可授性和花粉生活力的研究  

Studies on Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Viability of Zinnia elegans

作　　者：叶要妹[1] 张俊卫[1] 齐迎春[1] 陈天花[1] 包满珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院/园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第10期2376-2381,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"948"项目(2003-Z36)

摘　　要：【目的】观察百日草花后柱头的形态变化,测试百日草的柱头和花粉的寿命,为提高百日草的人工授粉效率和杂交育种提供依据。【方法】采用联苯胺-过氧化氢测定柱头可授性、花粉离体萌发试验和田间试验相结合的方法进行研究。【结果】(1)百日草在8:30～16:00开花,花粉生活力为18h;(2)舌状花柱头保持膨胀,花柱挺立可达7～10d;(3)联苯胺-过氧化氢测定柱头可授性的结果显示,花后1～3d可授率为79.9%～83.1%,4～6d为56.1%～63.0%,7～10d为37.0～43.3%;(4)丫状时期、丫状尖端稍弯曲时期、柱状时期田间授粉的结实率分别为76.3%、48.5%和36.8%;(5)未经处理的柱头结实率为48.8%,去丫状一裂者为30.9%,去柱头只留花柱者为19.9%。【结论】(1)用联苯胺-过氧化氢方法测定百日草柱头可授性可行;(2)花后2～3d柱头丫状时期进行人工授粉结实率高;(3)柱头顶端的毛状突起增大了吸收花粉的表面积,有利于授粉结实。[ Objective ] In order to improve the effect of hand-pollination in hybridization of Zinnia elegans, the morphological change of stigma was observed and the stigma receptivity and pollen longevity were tested. [ Method] The benzidine-H2O2 testing stigma receptivity, pollen germination test in vitro and the experiment of hand-pollination in the field were adopted in the study. [Result] （1） Zinnia elegans blossoms at 8：30-16：00 in daytime and the viability of its pollen is 18 h. （2） When it blossoms, the stigmas of florets stand upright and keep high turgidity for 7-10 days. （3） The stigmatic pollen receptivities on 1-3 d, 4-6 d, 7 d and 10 d are 79.9%-83.1%, 56.1%-63.0%, 37.0%-43.3% respectively according to the benzidine-H2O2 test. （4） The seed set at the 丫 stigma phase, the tip of 丫 slightly curling stigma phase and columnar stigma phase is 76.3%, 48.5% and 36.8% respectively by the experiment of hand-pollination. （5） The seed set of no-treatment, detruncating one lob of stigma and style of detruncating stigma is 48.8%, 30.9%, 19.9% respectively. [ConclusionlThe conclusion is drawn as follows： （1） It is feasibility to test stigma receptivity by the benzidine-H2O2. （2） The seed set of pollinating at the 丫 stigma phase after 2-3 d of flowering is more than other phases at 0.05 significance level. （3） The stigma top with hair and its big surface makes it easy to accept pollen and gets a higher seed set.

关 键 词：百日草 柱头可授性 柱头形态 花粉生活力 结实率 联苯胺-过氧化氢检验 

分 类 号：S681.9[农业科学—观赏园艺]